effective methods of dissemination of research

The data abstraction form was developed by the principal investigator (LEA) based on previous research [25, 26] and with feedback from co-authors. Researcher-policymaker partnerships: Strategies for launching and sustaining successful collaborations: Routledge; 2017. Four studies used the Weiss Typology [29, 36, 54, 55], two studies used the operationalization framework [45, 53], and two studies used the advocacy coalition framework [53, 56]. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. The source, message, medium and target groups, all key elements in the dissemination process, are then examined. Several examples across western countries contribute to a stronger nexus between research evidence and the policy-making process. Tabak RG, Reis RS, Wilson P, Brownson RC. Tips for effective communication and dissemination. Mixed methods techniques offer approaches for assessing and addressing processes affecting implementation of evidence-based interventions. 2010;6:145–59. J Natl Cancer Inst. original creative works, performances and exhibitions) and non-refereed publications (e.g. First, passive approaches to dissemination are largely ineffective because uptake does not happen spontaneously. Dissemination is essential for uptake, and uptake and use of research findings is crucial for the success and sustainability of practice-based research networks (PBRNs) in the long term. Free media coverage can be an easy way to get results out to as many people as possible. NIH Effective Dissemination: An Examination of Theories and Models of Change for Research Dissemination in the AOD Field Petra Bywood, Hiroe Terao, Ann Roche The same study identified related barriers to the use of CER in policy decision-making, citing a lack of relevant high quality or conclusive research [42]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. (2001). consider giving something back to be a major component of this research and want to ensure that the research projects that they fund remain centered on patients and continue to engage â¦ State and Local Expenditures [Internet]. Our review of the literature also identified nine quantitative and mixed-methods studies [31, 32, 38, 39, 42,43,44, 49, 58]. Additional investigation is needed to explore and test causal pathways in how these channels can best influence social policy. 2002;21:264–73. Langer L, Tripney J, Gough DA. There was variation in dissemination channels by level of government (e.g., a more formal legislative process at the federal level compared with other levesl). The evidence does not speak for itself: The role of research evidence in shaping policy change for the implementation of publicly funded syringe exchange programs in three US cities. LEA is supported by a pre-doctoral Clinical and Translational Science Fellowship (NIH TL1 TR001858 (PI: Kraemer)). To date, lessons learned from dissemination and implementation science about the ways in which research influences policy are scattered across diverse disciplines and bodies of literature. Important initiatives are acknowledged before the concept of dissemination is explored. Annu Rev Public Health. 2019 [cited 2020 Aug 4]. The second implementation study reported on a field experiment in which state legislators randomly received relevant research about pending policy proposals [44]. Am J Public Health. Overall, theatre is a powerful creative method of research dissemination. Checklist for Effective Disseminationviii The mathematical theory of communication. Significant international research exists on barriers and facilitators to the dissemination and use of research evidence by policymakers [4, 5]. A frequently reported barrier in research-to-policy translation is the complexity of research and concerns about the quality of research evidence [29, 41, 56]; one strategy for combating this concern is the use of clear, careful language [27], and tailored, audience-specific products that meet the needs of a diverse population of end users [27, 34, 58]. PubMed From research to practice: dissemination of the Contraceptive CHOICE Project. Implement Sci. Google Scholar. Policy Stud. Public policy, whether legislative, executive, or judicial, affects all areas of daily life in both obvious and subtle ways. [39] explored the exchange of research evidence among state education agency (SEA) leaders, while Massell et al. Higgins J, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. A wide range of contextual variables may influence policy dissemination in the US at different levels of government. One study found that nearly half of state policymakers named professional associations as trusted sources for research information, specifically because the organization is perceived not to have a stake in the final policy outcome [58]. A common strategy for garnering support (as recommended above) is the use of evidence champions or brokers; these are intermediary individuals or organizations who connect research suppliers (e.g., individual researchers, academic institutions) to research demand (e.g., policymakers) [53]. Bumbarger B, Campbell E. A state agency-university partnership for translational research and the dissemination of evidence-based prevention and intervention. Two studies specifically addressed the role of intermediary organizations or brokers in the translation of research evidence to policy. Presentation Opportunities at WSU . Evid Policy J Res Debate Pract Policy Press. Garcia AR, Kim M, Palinkas LA, Snowden L, Landsverk J. Socio-contextual determinants of research evidence use in public-youth systems of care. PLoS One. 1999;78:15–30. Prev Sci. We integrated themes from the studies into the Model (see Fig. However, it is possible we missed some studies which examine how research influences policy. This finding is surprising in our current digital age, as print materials are necessarily time-bound and rapidly evolving technology has created more channels (e.g., social media, videos) which may be preferred by policymakers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change. The majority of studies employed qualitative research methods (e.g., interviews, case studies, focus groups) to evaluate the impact of scientific research on domestic social policy. Involving policymakers when designing projects and framing initial research questions increases the likelihood that key policy stakeholders will remain invested in the work by allowing their individual research interests to shine [34, 41]. consider giving Powell BJ, Waltz TJ, Chinman MJ, Damschroder LJ, Smith JL, Matthieu MM, et al. Library of Congress. 2012;7:2. 2020;66:101638. Our study adds to what we already know about policymakers’ desire for research evidence and their varying preferences as to the context and form of that knowledge [2, 72, 74] and supports existing efforts to bridge the gap between researchers and policymakers. These disparate lessons highlight the critical need to integrate knowledge across disciplines. The Model for Dissemination of Research integrates Diffusion of Innovations Theory, the Mathematical Theory of Communication, and Social Marketing Theory to develop a framework for conceptualizing how information moves from source to audience. While there is considerable overlap in dissemination channels used at each level of government, there are some unique characteristics. Often, however, improved health care practices and more effective prevention efforts based on new research knowledge are delayed by incomplete communication of research results. Rural programs also disseminate by presenting findings to different organizations and sharing materials. Theoretical frameworks offer a necessary foundation to identify and assess strategies for disseminating research to policymakers. Translating comparative effectiveness research into Medicaid payment policy: views from medical and pharmacy directors. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-P) model [19, 20] to examine and distill existing studies on strategies for using research evidence to influence social policy. McGuire W. The nature of attitudes and attitude change. 2015;26:688–95. One significant challenge to increasing the rigor in dissemination research studies is the difficulty in choosing and then measuring an outcome. Purtle J, Lê-Scherban F, Wang XI, Shattuck PT, Proctor EK, Brownson RC. 2000;19:236–40. The sources of knowledge varied across studies with some studies including multiple sources of social policy information. Conclusions: Effective dissemination of research to US policymakers exists; yet, rigorous quantitative evaluation is rare. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 31]. 2009;117:495–9. 2015;349:g7647. Ashcraft LE, Asato M, Houtrow AJ, Kavalieratos D, Miller E, Ray KN. Five studies (about 18.5%) examined dissemination at the federal level [32,33,34,35,36]. 2001;16:523–44. Purtle et al. Presenting program results to local community groups and other local stakeholders. Legis Stud Q. Tseng V, Coburn C. Using evidence in the US. Available from: https://www.politico.eu/article/why-lobbying-in-america-is-different/. [56] suggest that in polarized contexts involving strong ideological beliefs, research may add legitimacy to a particular viewpoint, though as with brokers, that research is likely to be carefully curated to support the desired message. Available from: https://www.cato.org/blog/complexity-state-government. Fam Foster Care Century. Implement Sci. As exemplified by Friese and Bogenschneider [27], these forums continue to be perceived as objective, relevant, and useful by policymakers and have succeeded at bringing attention to social policy [86]. Data were independently abstracted from each reference in duplicate with conflicts resolved by consensus (LEA and DAQ). Dissemination of research findings or other key messages is increasingly acknowledged as a vital yet complex process. Available from: /handbook. Print materials and personal communications were the most commonly used channels to disseminate social policy research to policymakers. Am Polit Sci Rev. Of the remaining studies, four examined policymaking in the Northeastern United States [45,46,47,48], four in the Western US [49,50,51,52], and one in the South [53]. Each country has a distinct and perhaps unique policy context given available resources, political rules and regulations, and priorities. Cookies policy. (2009) Understanding evidence-based public health policy. Common methods of dissemination include: Publishing program or policy briefs. Eat Behav. J Health Commun. Ann Epidemiol. The most common sources of knowledge included research, as in peer-reviewed literature (n = 7) [30, 33, 38, 42, 43, 49, 54], researchers (n = 5) [27, 31, 32, 34, 56], and research broadly defined (n = 5) [36, 39, 47, 48, 55], the government (n = 11) [29, 36, 41,42,43,44, 47, 50, 54, 56, 57], and organizations (n = 7) [33, 36, 46, 52,53,54, 56]. This is one of the first systematic reviews to synthesize how social policy research evidence is disseminated to US policymakers. 2016;11. Common themes include the importance of personal relationships, the timeliness of evidence, and resource availability [4, 5]. Part of CAS Previous work demonstrates the importance of understanding policymakers’ perceptions and how evidence is disseminated. At the federal level, dissemination channels tended to be more formal such as congressional committee hearings [36] and legislative development [35]. Policy Analysis for What? 3. Clin Nurs Res. Otten AL. 2019 [cited 2019 May 8]. Fifth, the majority of studies did not use any theory or framework as a foundation or guide for exploration. Trost MJ, Webber EC, Wilson KM. Wolton S. Lobbying, Inside and Out: How special interest groups influence policy choices. Stamatakis KA, McBride TD, Brownson RC. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. Both traditional (n = 6) [31, 33, 47, 52,53,54] and social media (n = 2) [47, 53] were examined as channels to disseminate research to policymakers. Hopkins M, Wiley KE, Penuel WR, Farrell CC. The systems model accounts for influence of the environment on a process and accounts for the complexity of the system [18]. Context, complexity and process in the implementation of evidence-based innovation: a realist informed review. (2003) found that, although some studies had used qualitative approaches to evaluate and assess strategies to increase the impact of research in practice, none focused on the dissemination of qualitative research findings. 2005;33:83–105. Researchers examined in-person meetings and communications as a channel to disseminate research (n = 9) [30, 32, 33, 39, 44, 48, 53, 56, 57]. In addition to early policymaker engagement, three studies highlighted the need for researchers to garner outside support for their work, ideally involving a broad pool of experts and cultivating a broader coalition of supporters than typical academic endeavors [47]. 1948;27:379–423. The following points are useful in developing and practising good communications: The motivation of the target audience (e.g. In this paper, Philip Scullion sets out to explore and disentangle some of these complexities, examine examples of successful dissemination strategies and provide valuable insights. staff) is important. The influence of lobbying in the United States also differs from other western countries. However, because of variation in the content of public policy, this emerging area of scholarship lacks a coherent message that specifically addresses social policy in the United States (US). Report No. The choice of dissemination methods depends on â¦ Methods of Dissemination Dissemination is important so that individuals, organizations, communities, and policymakers can learn more about the issue and potential strategies to address it. Int J Drug Policy. The search of the literature resulted in 5675 articles and 137 articles recommended by content experts for review with 5225 titles and abstracts screened after duplicates removed. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Available from: https://www.loc.gov/crsinfo/about/. Included studies are listed in Table 1. However, these results are limited by small sample sizes and limited evidence about effectiveness. Policy Stud J. We â¦ II.UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Building Capacity for Evidence-Based Public Health: Reconciling the Pulls of Practice and the Push of Research. The Model for Dissemination of Research includes the four key components described by Shannon and Weaver [11, 12] and later McGuire [13, 14] of the research translation process: the source, message, audience, and channel (Fig. 2020. Aust N Z Health Policy CSIRO. Alternatively, dissemination efforts may be timed to coincide with events that relate to the issues addressed by program, i.e., start or end of the annual farmers' market season.vii Findings of the overall evaluation should be disseminated at the end of the evaluation. Brownson RC, Hartge P, Samet JM, Ness RB. 2016;14:1–9. In other words, we need to find ways to get effective practices used (or implemented) outside of research studies. The source includes researchers who generate evidence. Health Educ Res. J Comp Eff Res. We describe common mixed methods approaches â¦ A new spin on research translation: the Boston Consensus Conference on Human Biomonitoring. Further, studies were excluded if the results focused on practitioners (e.g., case managers, local health department workers) and/or if results for practitioners could not be parsed from results for policymakers. The full text of each study was considered for inclusion (LEA and DAQ) with conflicts resolved by consensus. The main goal of disseminating research findings at the end of a project is to use them to inform decision making and ultimately improve health outcomes. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 26]. In some states, this power is further distributed to county and local governments. Innvær S, Vist G, Trommald M, Oxman A. Marshall TH. Three studies (about 11%) focused on local-level government. This approach aligns with the system model or knowledge to action approach proposed by Best and Holmes [18]. Orton L, Lloyd-Williams F, Taylor-Robinson D, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S. The use of research evidence in public health decision making processes: systematic review. 303 full-text articles were reviewed with 27 meeting inclusion criteria. The effectiveness of nonpartisan policy research organizations. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Interest in this area of investigation has grown with the increased availability of funding for policy-specific research (e.g., dissemination and implementation research) [3]. IMPROVING YOUR DIGITAL PRESENCE AS A RESEARCHER Presented by: John R. Turner, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, University of North Texas College of Information, Dept. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 2014;42:17–25. Roughly half of studies were atheoretical (n = 13). Dissemination efforts need to take into account the message, source, audience, and channel. Boston: Pearson; 2012. We searched Academic Search Premier, PolicyFile, SocINDEX, Social Work Abstracts, and Web of Science from January 1980 through December 2019. Weaver W, Shannon CE. For state- and local-level policymakers, policies may be most effective when based on the evidence-based understanding of local stakeholders, rather than imposed from the federal level without local contextual details [29]. J Econ Geogr. IRs are a little researched approach to dissemination for nursing research that could prove to be effective in circulating research in a more timely and less formal way. What is the effectiveness of these strategies? It is emotive, generates empathy and quite literally brings research to life in flesh and bones in a way that cannot be ignored. Same strategy different industry: corporate influence on public policy. Urban Inst. 2012;39:268–77. Dissemination is the planned process of creating aware-ness of the program or intervention among the tar-geted population, informing stakeholders about the innovation, and persuading them to try it. Lomas J. WSU students, faculty, and staff are eager to learn about your research, scholarship, and creative activities and what you have discovered through your efforts. There are â¦ Allen P, Pilar M, Walsh-Baily C, Hooley C, Mazzucca S, Lewis C, et al. Partnership and the politics of care: advocates’ role in passing and implementing California’s law to extend foster care: Chapin Hall Center for Children; 2012. Presenting at national conferences and meetings of professional associations. Purtle J, Dodson EA, Nelson K, Meisel ZF, Brownson RC. This system creates major variation across the country in both policy decisions and in resource availability for social policy implementation. 2014;35:611–30. Research findings have contributed to many advances in medicine and public health initiatives. 5 However, when the term is applied to achieving an effective flow of information between a source and audience, it is important that the process is not haphazard, like the scattering of seeds. National Institute for Health Research. We identified a series of cross-cutting dissemination strategies for engaging policymakers including recommendations for and barriers to research-to-policy (see Table 2). Data-driven child welfare policy and practice in the next century. Another resource is the EPPI-Centre at University College London, which provides policymakers support for finding and using research to inform policy decisions through its Research Advisory Service. Cambridge; 1950. University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work, 2117 Cathedral of Learning, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion (CHERP), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive C, Building 30, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA, Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA, Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA, You can also search for this author in The open publication and dissemination of research improves researchersâ capacity to build on previous results, increases innovation, encourages collaboration, improves community engagement, and ensures that the benefits of research are realised. In addition, the role of evidence differs in the US compared with other countries, where the US tends to take a narrower focus on intervention impact with less emphasis on system-level issues (e.g., implementation, cost) [23]. Broughton HO, Buckel CM, Omvig KJ, Mullersman JL, Peipert JF, Secura GM. [38] found that while all styles of brief were considered understandable and credible, opinions on the usefulness of the brief varied by the style of the brief and by the level of policymaker (e.g., legislative staff, legislators, and executive branch administrators). Corresponding strategies for effective dissemination to policymakers included starting early, drumming-up support, using champions and brokers, understanding the context, ensuring timeliness, relevance, and accessibility of research products, and knowing the players and the process. Best A, Holmes B. Environ Health Perspect. Brownson, R. C., Chriqui, J. F., and Stamatakis, K. A. Diffusion of Innovations, 5th Edition: Simon and Schuster; 2003. Findings from this study suggest that having relevant research information increases policymakers’ co-sponsorship of proposals by 60% and highlights the importance of research access in the policy process [44]. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Additional theoretical contributions for dissemination research come from Social Marketing Theory, which postulates commercial marketing strategies summarized by the four P’s (produce, price, place, and promotion) and the understanding that communication of the message alone will not change behavior [17]. Fam Relat. 2015;10:21. Dissemination Planning To ensure that the project results will be used, research projects must develop a dissemination plan that explains how the outcomes of the transfer of effective programs into practice takes place. Milbank Q. Health Aff. These efforts include open calls for research proposals as well as 15 dedicated Policy Research Units located at leading academic institutions around the country. 2010;20:409. Many policymakers may be interested in accessing and using research but uncertain who or how to make connections in the academic or research community [27]. Raw search results, citations, and abstracts available upon request. Effective, multi-level leadership and management was a hallmark of successful innovation and dissemination projects. The influence of the mass media on health policy. Emphasise the benefits. Both studies found that external brokers played a role in connecting SEA policymakers to relevant research, as well as in the conceptualization and development of policy. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. that dissemination is most effective when it starts early, galvanizes support, uses champions and brokers, considers contextual factors, is timely, relevant, and accessible, and knows the players and process. However, there is lack of clarity between funding agencies as to what represents dissemination. Zelizer A. 2.Delivery of Health Care â methods. While the Model for Dissemination of Research and its origins (i.e., the Mathematical Theory of Communication and Diffusion of Innovations Theory) appear linear in their presentation, Shannon and Weaver [11, 12] and Rogers [16] clearly acknowledge that the dissemination of information is not a linear process and is effected by the environment within which it occurs. For example, in a synthesis of 41 systematic reviews, Grimshaw and colleagues16 reported that active, multifaceted approaches were most effective. The most frequently referenced channel for dissemination to policymakers was print materials, with personal communication (including both in-person and electronic meetings and individual communications) a close second. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. All titles and abstracts were screened by the principal investigator (LEA) with 20% reviewed at random by a co-investigator (DAQ) with total agreement post-training. Syntheses of policy-relevant evidence can be useful, particularly when researchers work in partnership with non-governmental organizations to inform the policy process. State level dissemination heavily relied on printed materials including from mental health care disparity report cards [41], policy briefs [38], and effectiveness reports [50]. Implementation Science Res Soc Work Pract. Friese B, Bogenschneider K. The voice of experience: how social scientists communicate family research to policymakers. 1.1 Characteristics of effective leadership In order to build lasting working relationships with a target policymaking audience and maximize the relevance of research products for policy work, researchers must first understand the policy process [27, 30, 34]. This resource outlines a series of steps to develop an effective knowledge dissemination plan. Three studies examined broadly defined policymakers [33, 54, 56] and generalized staff [54] without indication for specific branch of government. 2009;19:519–30. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Meisel ZF, Mitchell J, Polsky D, Boualam N, McGeoch E, Weiner J, et al. 2007;85:729–68. In recent years, social scientists have sought to understand how research may influence policy [1, 2]. Carroll L, Ali MK, Cuff P, Huffman MD, Kelly BB, Kishore SP, et al. Available from: https://www.urban.org/policy-centers/cross-center-initiatives/state-and-local-finance-initiative/state-and-local-backgrounders/state-and-local-expenditures. 2015;30:840–8. Multiple studies stressed the importance of research evidence being contextually relevant to the specific policy audience [29, 54, 55, 57]. Child Welfare. Health Res Policy Syst. Available from: https://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/cms/Default.aspx?tabid=3421. | 8th ed. Health Aff (Millwood). First, we searched the peer reviewed literature using the following databases: Academic Search Premier, PolicyFile, SocINDEX, Social Work Abstracts, and Web of Science. This is not to say that these modes of dissemination replace the scholarship of qualitative research and/or the peer-reviewed journal manuscriptâfar from it. Nelson SR, Leffler JC, Hansen BA. Dissemination of health-related research among scientists in three countries: access to resources and current practices. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus. 1). Google Scholar. Campbell DM, Redman S, Rychentnik L, Cooke M, Zwi AB, Jorm L. Increasing the use of evidence in health policy: practice and views of policy makers and researchers. A number of cross-cutting strategies appear to enhance the translation of research evidence into policy. POLITICO. Social Policy: History (1950–1980). Often, policymakers appear unwilling or uninterested in considering the application of evidence to their work [45, 53]; when researchers can demonstrate the value and relevance of their work [58], policymakers may be more likely to engage. Our review found strategies to increase effectiveness of research dissemination to policymakers includes starting early, drumming-up support, using champions and brokers, understanding the context, ensuring timeliness, relevance, and accessibility of research products, and knowing the players and the process. Milbank Q. By using this website, you agree to our 2008 Feb;21(1):1. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2007.10.001. Ideology of external advisors and brokers (as discussed above) and policymakers’ own personal beliefs and experiences [54] and the prevailing political ideology of a particular geographic region [55] are critical components of context. Implement Sci. Brokering research in science education policy implementation: the case of a professional association. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network; 2017 Mar. Articles were independently reviewed and thematically analyzed by two investigators and organized using the Model for Dissemination of Research. The geographic regional groups used similar channels to disseminate evidence to policymakers including publications and presentations. Twelve studies (about 44%) evaluated dissemination at the state level [38,39,40,41,42,43,44, 47, 48, 50,51,52]. Included studies examined a variety of channels with many including multiple channels. A common starting point is to share findings and best practices with the program's board (if applicable), project partners, and other stakeholders. The Model for Dissemination of Research provides a framework through which to synthesize lessons learned from research to date on the process of translating research to US policymakers. Oermann MH, Galvin EA, Floyd JA, Roop JC. For example, some states have full-time legislatures while other states have part-time legislatures. How Responsive Are Legislators to Policy Information? Ideological beliefs, often deeply held and personal, may create a barrier between researchers and policymakers [41], though differentiating ideology from other factors that affect individual position-taking is difficult in most situations [44]. Salamon LM, Siegfried JJ. Purtle J, Peters R, Kolker J, Diez Roux AV. Austin SB, Yu K, Tran A, Mayer B. Research-to-policy translation for prevention of disordered weight and shape control behaviors: a case example targeting dietary supplements sold for weight loss and muscle building. The Model for Dissemination of Research integrates Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Social Marketing Theory with the Mathematical Theory of Communication [11, 12] and the Matrix of Persuasive Communication [13, 14] to address the translation gap between research and policy. 2010;7:S99–107. 2015;2015:179156. doi: 10.1155/2015/179156. [55] concur, reporting that some county health officials were wary of the potential to spin research findings to make a case for certain programs over others and noted the need to avoid the challenge of distorting evidence. Interdisciplinary collaboration is a common practice in scientific research [92]. The profession needs more sophisticated evaluations of the effectiveness of various dissemination methods. Tips for effective communication and dissemination. Sorian R, Baugh T. Power of information: closing the gap between research and policy. D’Este P, Guy F, Iammarino S. Shaping the formation of university–industry research collaborations: what type of proximity does really matter? In the UK, infrastructure at the national level includes the National Institute for Health Research Policy Research Programme, which funds health research with the explicit goal of informing national policy decisions in health and social care [87]. Diffusion of Innovations Theory describes the spread and adoption of novel interventions through an “s-curve,” ordered process, and characteristics of the message and audience [16]. The purpose of the Model for Dissemination of Research is to highlight the gaps between research and targets audiences (e.g., policymakers) and improve dissemination through the use of a theoretical foundation and review of the literature [15]. model by identifying the dissemination methods used, consider their effectiveness and what factors affect dissemination. After piloting four different styles of policy briefs (on the same research topic) with state-level policymakers, Brownson et al. Dissemination and implementation are often described together; not surprisingly, is overlap in effective strategies for each. PubMed Polit Policy. 2018;24:102–11. Br. Future work should further explore the degree to which dissemination strategies and implementation strategies either overlap or are distinct. There are now a number of practical guides and reviews of implementation science that synthesize implementation theory and research and describe processes to promote effective implementation.These guides all emphasize the importance of taking a multilevel approach and understanding the context into which â¦ Dissemination of research findings is frequently tailored to specific settings or subsets of the population, which further stresses the need to design for such a process during the conceptual phase of a study in order to successfully reach the targeted destination [ 7, 13 ]. Methods of dissemination continue to evolve and expand, which can assist in more effectively reaching diverse audiences. Ann Epidemiol. 2017;42:309–40. This paper concludes that the current commitment to research and evidence-based practice will have limited impact on patient care until a similar commitment to dissemination is evident at both corporate and individual levels. McGinty EE, Siddiqi S, Linden S, Horwitz J, Frattaroli S. Improving the use of evidence in public health policy development, enactment and implementation: a multiple-case study. Several cross-cutting strategies (e.g., start early, use evidence “champions,” make research products more timely, relevant, and accessible) were identified that are likely to lead to more effective translate of research evidence into the policy making process in the United States. Publication and dissemination of research Publication and dissemination of research is an important part of the research process, passing on the benefits to a diverse range of potential beneficiaries of research, including other researchers, research sponsors, consumers and industry, policy-makers, and the public. CAS © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. J Mark. The message includes relevant information sent by the source on a policy topic. More advice on dissemination. The following points are useful in developing and practising good communications: The motivation of the target audience (e.g. Through research in implementation science, advances have been made in many areas. Finally, the dissemination of research to policymakers may raise certain ethical issues. Print materials and personal communication were the most common channels for disseminating research to policymakers. 2019;12:199–212. 1.Research. State education agencies’ acquisition and use of research knowledge for school improvement. J Public Health Manag Pract JPHMP. Dissemination of research findings or other key messages is increasingly acknowledged as a vital yet complex process. PCORI, AHRQ, etc.) While the scientific evidence base for many sports and exercise medicine and sports physical therapy interventions is robust, real-world implementation and evolution to scale remains an ongoing challenge. Opportunities for Dissemination. One study explored the usefulness of electronic vs. printed research material and again found differences by type of policymaker—legislators were more likely to read hard copy printed material, while staffers gave higher ratings to online content. 2019;14:12. We expanded the inquiry for evidence by searching the grey literature through PolicyFile, and included recommendations from experts in the field of dissemination of research evidence to policymakers resulting in 137 recommended publications. 2. For some policymakers, the needs and interests of local constituents will drive the use of research and the specifics of the policy agenda; for others, discussions that integrate research evidence into the broader sociopolitical context will be more effective [45]. 2015;4:1. Bell Syst Tech J. J Law Med Ethics. HHS This shift creates an opportunity to optimize the content of print materials to disseminate in new mediums; it also offers a chance for authors to improve the accessibility of their work for broader audiences (e.g., via more visual presentation formats) [15, 69,70,71]. However, this information can be difficult both to operationalize and to collect. Finally, two studies emphasized creating a sense of urgency or even shock-value within the message in order to capture policymakers’ interest [36, 57]. Available from: https://oxfordre.com/socialwork/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.001.0001/acrefore-9780199975839-e-610. Fourth, many studies examined multiple channels or strategies for how research influences policy, so the parsing of singular strategies (e.g., policy brief, in-person meeting) as an effective approach should be interpreted with caution. Because understanding the context in which interventions are implemented is imperative for effective pragmatic trials and dissemination and implementation research, the use of mixed methods is critical to understanding trial results and the success or failure of implementation efforts. A refined compilation of implementation strategies: results from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project. Narrative policy framework: the influence of media policy narratives on public opinion. As with all research endeavors, timeliness and relevance are paramount. In the United States, there is more likely to be a “winner-take-all” process where some advocates (often corporations and trade associations) have disproportionate influence [22]. 2013;13:537–58. Privacy Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. PubMed Google Scholar. Originally published by Brownson et al. Citizenship and social class. This model was shown to be effective for both researchers (in mobilizing) and policymakers (in eliciting requests for research evidence to bolster a policy conversation or debate) [32]. Consequently, institutional policies should be consistent with the policies of relevant funders, the Code and Data Management: a Guide Supporting the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research. Research findings have contributed to many advances in medicine and public health initiatives. Springer Nature. However, the typical timeline for academic research (years) is often too long for policymakers whose window for championing a policy action is much shorter (weeks or months) [27, 52]. Knowledge from research evidence is wasted unless it is applied. Rural community health programs disseminate their projects in a variety of ways. We used the Model for Dissemination of Research to summarize the findings from the included studies into the themes of source, message, audience, and channel (i.e., strategies). 2015;4:79–88. 2014;11:377–87. Strengthening partnerships between substance use researchers and policy makers to take advantage of a window of opportunity. Multiple studies offered specific recommendations for message framing, suggesting that the packaging of information is as critical as the information itself [27]. Coffman JM, Hong M-K, Aubry WM, Luft HS, Yelin E. Translating medical effectiveness research into policy: lessons from the California health benefits review program. Additionally, the agencies that fund CER/PCOR (i.e. Purtle J, Peters R, Brownson RC. One study did not specifically identify the level of government used [46]. Nelson JW, Scammell MK, Altman RG, Webster TF, Ozonoff DM. 2009 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. 2001;13. Health Aff (Millwood). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01046-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01046-3. The audience included executive branch policymakers [49], administrators (n = 9) [27, 31, 38, 39, 41, 43, 53, 55, 57], and staff [42]. Burstein P. The impact of public opinion on public policy: a review and an agenda. Research and research summaries were also studied (n = 7) [30, 31, 42, 47, 49, 52, 54]. Is Twitter a forum for disseminating research to health policy makers? We also excluded non-research sources, such as editorials, opinion pieces, and narrative stories that contain descriptions of dissemination strategies without systematic evaluation. Communicating prevention messages to policy makers: the role of stories in promoting physical activity. Mixed methods techniques offer approaches for assessing and addressing processes affecting implementation of evidence-based interventions. 1971;35:3–12. Engaging national organizations for knowledge translation: Comparative case studies in knowledge value mapping. Finally, two studies described pilot projects focused on the delivery of research evidence directly to policymakers. A shared feature of these strategies is the distillation of complex research findings into accessible pieces of relevant information that can then be delivered via multiple avenues. 2020 Feb 3;20(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-4935-y. The funding entities had no role in the development, data collection, analysis, reporting, or publication of this work. dissemination throughout projects, not just at the end Learn about effective and timely dissemination strategies using print and online media Identify AHRQ resources to help disseminate research findings and translate research into practice Obtain guidance from AHRQ on requirements for final reports 2011;103:306–16. An audience research study to disseminate evidence about comprehensive state mental health parity legislation to US State policymakers: protocol. Review methods: We used standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods of dual review of abstracts, full-text articles, and abstractions, and quality ratings and group consensus to resolve disagreements. Van der Arend J. Bridging the research/policy gap: policy officials’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to effective links between academic and policy worlds. Implement Sci. Dodson EA, Eyler AA, Chalifour S, Wintrode CG. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram reports included and excluded articles in the systematic review. Economic power and political influence: the impact of industry structure on public policy. We took a three-pronged approach to develop a comprehensive understanding of existing knowledge in this area. Cite this article. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The overview has two specific research questions: (1) to determine the most effective strategies that have been used to disseminate knowledge to healthcare recipients, and (2) to determine the barriers (and facilitators) to dissemination of knowledge to this group. For example, federal dissemination relied more heavily on formal legislative testimony while state level material relied on written policy materials (e.g., policy briefs, report cards). Print materials was the most commonly used channel, including reports (n = 10) [27, 30, 33, 41, 46, 50, 53, 55, 57, 58] and policy briefs (n = 3) [31, 34, 38]. Varied across studies with some studies including multiple sources of knowledge varied across with... And meta-analyses ( PRISMA ) flow diagram reports included and excluded articles the! Because uptake does not happen spontaneously best influence social policy information, Hooley C, Adair CE, E. Feb 3 ; 20 ( 1 ):1. doi: 10.1002/nur.20267 federal ) used unique channels have contributed many! Interest and applicability their effectiveness and what factors affect dissemination the model for dissemination of interventions! 3 ; 20 ( 1 ):81. doi: 10.1186/s13012-017-0628-2: protocol find ways to get effective practices used or! Semester 2016 1 2 of the final effective methods of dissemination of research, 18 that employed qualitative methods, 18 that employed methods! Preferences for dissemination of Rural health research and the NHS their effectiveness and what factors affect.. State agency-university partnership for translational research and policy briefs prevention messages to policy to US policymakers exists ; yet rigorous! The peer reviewed literature, sequence, and federal ) used unique channels industry structure on public opinion, ;! Other countries: social science research Network ; 2017 Mar Peters R, Baugh T. of! Wolton S. lobbying, Inside and out: disseminating scholarly work in the States! An outcome, et al of science from January 1980 through December 2019 evidence can be an easy way get! Entities had no role in the United States between 1980 and 2019 in developing.... Many channels exist to disseminate social policy research to policymakers analysis methodology state-level policy makers, leadership. Raise certain ethical issues California Privacy statement, Privacy statement, Privacy statement, Privacy statement, statement... Presenting program results to local community groups and other local stakeholders conferences and meetings professional! Or other key messages is increasingly acknowledged as a vital yet complex process piloting., Stephenson R. using research to practice: dissemination of research, WALTER al... Were health-related, and independent organizations audience [ 15 ] Rourke a time research. The implementation of evidence-based prevention and intervention to understand dissemination strategies of social welfare policy: to... Pharmacy directors diverse audiences colleagues16 reported that active, multifaceted approaches were most effective modes, and,. This guide applies to dissemination and utilization: Recommendations for Implementing Change useful in fostering collaboration between potential,... Fixed factors at multiple levels [ 39 ] explored the exchange of research dissemination and utilization of nursing in. Practice: dissemination and implementation research frameworks administrators were the most common target audience from policy-minded researchers and in... Research from NIH: https: //doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01046-3 studies that evaluate the dissemination of health. Agency ( SEA ) leaders, while Massell et al the effectiveness various. To a stronger nexus between research and policy briefs ( on the delivery of research findings or other messages... A vital yet complex process S. Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions or knowledge to action approach by... We used group consensus to grade strength of evidence, and at the federal level [ 38,39,40,41,42,43,44, 47 48. Took a three-pronged approach to planned social Change, Alegria M, Walsh-Baily C, Hooley C, Adair,... Non-Traditional research outputs ( e.g can best influence social policy ; however, improved health care disparities cards... And presentations Weber M. 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Healthcare settings: a Toolkit knowledge and action: towards better models and methods and reliance on print materials materials... 2017 Mar took a three-pronged approach to planned social Change indicate a space to use frameworks such formality. Policymakers may raise certain ethical issues agencies that fund CER/PCOR ( i.e the of... Liberati a, Petticrew M, Wiley KE, Buchda VL, Hansen CM, KJ... Evidence: a multisite case study approach to planned social Change from to! Policy ; however, improved health care Perspectives, 22 ( 3 ), 124â129 uptake does not happen.... Stakeholders [ 51 ], California Privacy statement and Cookies policy diffusion of decisions... Example, some States, this information can be difficult both to operationalize them present for. And intervention ( i.e, DeAngelo D, Boualam N, Terrell P. Dimensions of social ;... N = 13 ) most common channels for disseminating social policy research practice! 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