Douglas fir. There are also options like cedar, redwood, larch, oak, and hemlock. Douglas fir, which has sometimes been called the Douglas tree, Oregon pine, and Douglas spruce, is not actually a true fir, a pine, or a spruce. I think SPF is cheaper as a category than SYP. Another indicator for the giant fir is apparently the twig shoots are quite dark brown, almost black in colour. Spruce, ash, and poplar are a few alternatives if your debate about Douglas fir vs. pine isn’t shaping up the way you want. Basic Herbal Tincture Recipe, Using Herbal Medicine and Natural Methods for Sciatica, Herbal Courses, Workshops and Walks in the Aude, Tractema lilio-hyacinthus or Scilla lilio-hyacinthus. This fir is more commonly known as the Grecian fir. A helpful indicator in differentiating between the two species (compare images above). I was thinking that the one on the left is a Douglas Fir from NE Arizona, and the one on the Right is a Spruce. The Norway spruce (Picea abies) is the most common in Europe. 494 129 5. They did a lot of study of wood to be used for aircraft construction from 1917 into the 1930s, when aluminum and 4130 steel began to displace it as an aircraft building material. Fir is probably a premium. Although Abies grandis (giant fir) is native from Vancouver to California it is described as the most vigorous silver fir in the UK, particularly in the damper, wetter North and West. There are many different varieties of fir trees; balsam fir, noble fir, douglas fir, and fraser fir … The featured header photograph for this post shows cones on an Abies (fir) tree growing beside the church in Foix in the Ariege. The two photographs of the Abies cephalonica are from the Aude Arboretum. In early December I wrote a post on how do you tell the difference between coniferous trees. throughout the structure. The shoots of the Sitka are yellowy/whitish pale brown. Mike's message above is relevant as well. In an exchange in a different thread regarding my Eagle 24 plans, a member explained that if I use douglas fir instead of spruce stringers, I can reduce the dimensions by 20% because of the increased strength of douglas fir. In an exchange in a different thread regarding my Eagle 24 plans, a member explained that if I use douglas fir instead of spruce stringers, I can reduce the dimensions by 20% because of the increased strength of douglas fir. You may notice in the images above. Think of soldiers standing to attention. If you pull a needle off a small scar will be left. I think that SYP refers to southern yellow pine, while SPF refers to spruce/pine/fir. The scar can just be seen to left of the text on the twig. (firs). Remember spruce has no petiole unlike the hemlocks. This website uses cookies for functionality, analytics and advertising purposes as described in our, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi ... 091129.pdf, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi ... 091423.pdf, http://forum.woodenboat.com/showthread. That means that they both reproduce by making cones, not flowers. However, spruce needles have no petiole, unlike the hemlocks. Alaska Spruce 0.41 Alaska Yellow Cedar 0.46 Balsam Fir 0.36 Beech-Birch-Hickory 0.71 Coast Sitka Spruce 0.43 Cottonwood 0.41 Douglas Fir-Larch 0.50 Douglas Fir-Larch (North) 0.49 Douglas Fir-South 0.46 Eastern Hemlock 0.41 Eastern Hemlock-Balsam Fir 0.36 Eastern Hemlock-Tamarack 0.41 Eastern Hemlock-Tamarack (North) 0.47 Picking the perfect fir can be a lot of fun, as long as you know what you're looking for. I promised my cousins I'd come up to BC for a weekend some time soon. Okay so Abies aren’t what you would call feathery, more leathery really, but they are more ‘feathery’ than the spiky Picea. View all posts by Nicole. The resin is recommended by Menzies-Trull as a liniment. One of the simplest ways to answer how do you tell the difference between spruce and fir is with the cones. It would not provide an accurate reduction amount. Very different from other types of cones! ... winner+fir. It can grow quite well in Scotland but is rarer in drier areas south of the UK. But the tiny mice were too small and slow to outrun the fire. how do you tell the difference between coniferous trees. In technical terms, wood strength often relates to the timber’s modulus of rupture, or rupture strength. The book describes them “an uncomfortable bunch”. Spruce vs. Framing Great looking plans, I hope you'll post photos as you go along on the project. You can see a small green scar where I have pulled out a leaf from the Grecian fir (image to right). It is an oil that I sometimes like the aroma of and other times detest. Framing may not be so crucial but as you are buying timber in the first place it might be easier to get all he same at one go. In addition to our beautiful old-growth, vertical grain Doug Fir (4/4 and 8/4 thicknesses, rough and planed) and Doug Fir framing lumber and timbers, Davis-Hawn is very excited to now be stocking an economically priced STK (small tight knot) grade of T&G Doug Fir siding . The Douglas fir, mentioned in the previous post, is second largest. Photo credit: Jill O’Donnell, MSU. Post Nov 18, 2016 #1 2016-11-18T02:48. The most popular trees on his farm are the Fraser Fir, the Balsam Fir and the Blue Spruce. Perhaps this is down to practice. To identify a pine, spruce, or fir by its needles, take a close look at one of its branches and observe the manner in which the needles are growing. On a spruce leaves (needles) could be flat or angled. I like it in vaporisation or inhalation when you are literally exhausted from coughing and spluttering. As already mentioned above fir trees have no peg. Learn how your comment data is processed. CSP (Canadian Softwood Plywood) and DFP (Douglas Fir Plywood) are manufactured by member mills of either the APA (American Plywood Association) or PFS TECO to rigid standards under CSA standards 0121 (fir plywood) and 0151 (spruce plywood). I have a good source of wood in Rancho Cordova (Sacramento California area) called Hughes Hardwoods. Another good choice for budget-conscious consumers. In fact it can be a little yellow if it doesn’t get enough water. You can get Doug. trees. No two types of wood are the same, though species within a … I think the southern yellow pine is more expensive than spruce or white pine. Builders should trust the Designer ,ask them directly as you are doing. fir from a fast grown plantation with growth rings miles apart, knots and even sapwood. Additional needle characteristics (e.g., needle length, sharpness, flexibility, scent, and color) are needed … Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Leaves: Flat, soft needles that grow in rows. The most important consideration when buying boat timber is quality. With the Norway they tend to be angled, sort of having four sides. 494 129 5. In the same units and for the same state of wood, elastic strength, or modulus of elasticity, gauges the stiffness of wood. And even if you know the differences, which one is the right type of Christmas tree for your home? Sitka needles are more spiky than Norway. Pine, spruce and fir are grouped together for the applications calling for softwood lumber. First of all, spruce trees. The stiffness rating only serves to show which wood is stiffer for its relative weight. Other common names: Oregon pine, red fir, and red spruce. This statistic conveys a wood’s resistance to pressure and is often coded in pounds of force per square inch. I think of Spiky Spruce, Feathery Fir. The Picea species fall into the do group having somewhat woody brown pegs. Picea or spruce usually will have more spiky needles than the fir. Diploma in Aromatherapy & Essential Oil Science Douglas-fir is the name of an entire genus of trees that contains six species--two native to North America and four native to eastern Asia. Strength: Douglas Fir vs. New STK Doug Fir in Stock. Redwoods are the world's largest trees, but Douglas fir are almost as large, inhabit the same forests and are often mistaken for redwoods. In 2016, the White House chose a Douglas fir to festoon the Obamas' final Christmas in the Executive Mansion, and for good reason: Douglas … The Norway usually has larger, longer cones between 10-20cm. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Sometimes found as a Christmas tree but the Norway spruce or Nordmann fir are more popular as they are cheaper. Some firs have needles that are flat on the branch, while others stick straight up. To help me remember botanically, I use spiky spruce so I can relate to the uncomfortable bunch description. While Fir is 20% stronger than Sitka Spruce ,so that is where I got my reduction in size % from . The Blue Spruce is a tree that, as Leyden puts it, "has a really great shape." This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Is this there a consensus on this? I remember reading this in an old National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) table on the characteristics of different woods for aircraft construction. Other names of Douglas fir are Oregon pine, red spruce, and red fir. Blue spruce. However the shear strength is 950 psi DF and 990 psi Sitka Spruce, so Fir is actually weaker (96% of Spruce). Cones on fir trees are upright and erect. And so, to help us answer how do you tell the difference between spruce and fir … we now need to look at the typical features of the fir. Redwood vs. Douglas Fir for Fencing. Douglas fir is a prominent timber source in the northwest United States. In the last post I mentioned that neither Abies nor Pseudotsuga species have a peg whereas Tsuga species do. Compression strength parallel to the grain: 5600 psi DF and 4700 psi Spruce (Fir 19% stronger). “Picea Pegs Poke-Out, Abies ‘Asnt Any!” You just need remember that Picea is spruce and Abies is fir. This is the species in Trafalgar Square in London every year. The Norway is possibly the commonest and certainly most well-known spruce in the UK. Back to list of tree species. Believed the third largest tree species in the world. The two most commonly used materials for such an application are Douglas Fir and Western Red Cedar. All spruce and firs (including bald cypress, Douglas fir, and hemlock) have their needles attached individually to the branches and will also not be in bundled clusters. The following characteristics should be noted: a) are the needles attached to the branches singularly or in groups, b) if singularly, is each needle attached directly to the branch or is each needle connected to the branch via a short "wooden peg", and c) are the needles flat (basically two-sided) or angled (three- or four-sided)? user-7009029 01/12/2018 Douglas-fir are not true firs. The cones on spruce trees are pendent i.e. So how do you tell the difference between spruce and fir trees? Pseudotsuga menziesii. In addition it included a little information on Abies sp. The wood is white hence ‘alba’. Picea mariana more commonly known as black spruce is a popular essential oil. Fir is a dull yellow color with long straight lines, lacking in character. Aesthetics: because of Pine’s grain structure and varying colors ranging from brown to yellow-white, it is the ideal choice for those seeking a colonial or rustic character to their wide plank floor project. Douglas Fir on the other hand, features a tight, flowing grain pattern that resists warping and twisting. I don't mean to cast aspersions on the member who suggested it, but 1) it's not called out on the drawings; and 2) I'm new here, and I'm not yet familiar with the reputations of various contributors to the forum. The liniment he indicates externally for respiratory or rheumatic disorders and also for impetigo – a skin infection. Not a great indicator without comparison. They have many benefits, and all parts of the tree have edible and medicinal uses, including the needles, bark, and resin. Both are typically viable options, but they both have qualities … Building Materials: Douglas Fir vs Western Red Cedar Read More » Why isn't Douglas fir a true fir? Cones on a spruce are hanging down. You can clearly see the upright cones. Commonly the modulus of rupture for a given species describes its strength in dried form (at 12-percent moisture content). Also keeps the tool settings to the minimum, saving a bit of time. Comparing spruce vs. pine vs. fir wood helps you decide which wood to use based on your project. Young plantation grade Doug fir with wide grains is not as strong as older, narrower grain stuff. When you are building a free-standing structure, the question of what materials to use can weigh heavily on your mind, especially when the material is to be exposed. Or, with care , you can find old growth wood from a colder region that is dense, heavy and hard. I read this little mnemonic somewhere which I thought was quite helpful. The size of the cone varies. Here's some of the data generated by NACA. Fast growing so popular for timber and paper production. Taking a look at how the cones grow will usually (not always) help you tell if it is a spruce or fir tree. A forum for all those interested in Woods Designs boat designs. It is the traditional Christmas tree. The Collins book also describes a thin, scaly bark. The modulus of rupture of spruce is 9400 psi and Douglas Fir 10900 psi so the difference is 15%. The wood has excellent strength, making it suitable for structural timber as a building material. Spruce vs pine, pine vs fir – they can all be a bit confusing at times. They're reasonably priced, and I get to choose the boards I want to buy. According to Indigenous lore from the Pacific Northwest, the giant Douglas Fir were abundant in every forest. Spruce needles are generally sharper than fir needles – ‘uncomfortable’ or ‘spiky’. Sitka, a North American species, is commonly grown by the forestry commission in wet forests. On one particular day, all the animals were fleeing from a fire. DeltaMan. It is more closely related to the larch than any of these. I have a bit of experience with wood, but not sitka or doug fir for boatbuilding. Adapted to a moist, mild climate, it grows larger and faster than Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir. It is rare to find fir cones on the ground. And so, to help us answer how do you tell the difference between spruce and fir … we now need to look at the typical features of the fir. A lot of lumber choice is what's available in your area without a lot of shipping, and then that's been affected buy lumber going to Japan and China lately. Fir Trees. The exception to this is a Douglas Fir. I definitely don’t know all of them. National Tree Company Downswept Douglas Fir Pre-Lit Christmas Tree vs. National Tree Company Carolina Pine Tree The Carolina Pine Tree is another pre-lit, 7.5-foot artificial tree we tested, retailing around $290. It looks like a sort of round sucker. To distinguish pine, spruce, and fir from one another, start by looking at their needles. It is reputedly beneficial in massage for muscle aches and pains and poor circulation although I personally haven’t used it in this way. Wood is significantly weaker and less stable when the grains lie flat. In fact the Collins book describes Sitka needles as “much flattened”. Sitka are paler on the underside. The oil is steam distilled from the needles. Sitka needles usually are flat. By the way, my 16% figure is based on good estimates of the elasticity modulus. Spruce Tree Identification. You are likely to find them fallen on the ground. Knowing the Douglas fir trees have thick bark to … Whereas those of the Norway are much darker, almost orangey-red. Woodworkers prefer knotty pine for making tables, chests or any other project because pine has the beauty that fir lacks. Rockefeller Center in NYC typically chooses a Spruce tree at Christmas for the outdoor display. In this post I am going to look at fir and spruce (Picea sp.) DeltaMan. The silver fir (Abies alba) contains resin and volatile oil as would be expected. they hang down. Blue spruce remains a popular Christmas tree because of its bright blue color. Gary. Wood is still a great material to build airplanes with, and as I've said, self-built catamarans are built a lot like airplanes. Building projects, whether a house or a musical instrument, require different types of wood. It has been called a pine, hemlock and spruce. ... tulip poplars aren’t poplar trees and Douglas fir are not true firs. The other poster that suggested 15% was done independently of my numbers. The table below provides laboratory values for several properties of wood that are associated with wood strength. Douglas fir is about 20% heavier than Sitka spruce, so the difference from relpacing the things that would be made from spruce should result in far less than 20% in the total weight of the boat. The leaves are certainly shiny green. Maybe you're big fans of a Douglas fir, or alternatively, you love the silver-tinged needles of a blue spruce. If you do happen to get a closer look at a fir cone, however, you will notice they are elliptical in shape, green, and generally ooze sap. Energetically it is warming. As the scientific name indicates, Douglas fir is not classified as a fir (Abies). On true firs the cones stand up. It has, at various times, been called a pine, a spruce, a hemlock, and a true fir. I still don't know who to trust and who - well - have opinions. Spruce and fir have their needles attached individually to the branches using different attachments called pegs, suction cups, and stalks, which are never bundled. It is decongestant so beneficial for respiratory infections. I'm sure someone more knowledgeable than me will weigh in on this subject. My little Collins book describes the Grecian fir as having almost perpendicular shiny green leaves all around the shoot “radiating stiffly”. Spruce vs. Fir – Trick #2 Look At The Cones. Useful for nervous exhaustion. Well, to narrow it down a bit, the three most popular varieties of Christmas tree are fir, spruce, and pine. How do you tell the difference between spruce and fir ? In fact they are almost papery-like and squishy. On the other hand, perhaps you don't know where to start at the tree lot. I have personally struggled with this as a differentiating feature between the two species. Pine and spruce are so closely related in strength and uses with fir that they are often milled, distributed and marketed generically as spruce-pine-fir, or SP&F. Norway are green with very faint white lines. The essential oil he recommends for inhalation. Douglas fir. The cold weather helps the tree retain needles. For more pictures and information on this species, see MSU‘s Douglas fir YouTube video. Sometimes they are described as whorled, like a bottle brush. Spruce. Occasionally the Norway needles seems a little more flat than angled. It has citrus-grapefruit smelling leaves. My little Collins book notes there are around 40 species of Picea – wow! Douglas-fir trees are popular as Christmas trees, and are also a popular tree for foraging. The Collins book describes this a “delicious tangerine scent”. 'Thyme' with medicinal plants in the south of France…. This fresh citrus smell can be confused with Tsuga canadensis but remember Tsuga species have a prominent peg and Abies species don’t. Because of its similarity to other genera, Douglas-fir has given botanists fits. See the Hankinson formula. Look at the tree. They are not hard like pine cones. The tree gets its name from David Douglas, a renowned Scottish botanist. I actually started the post earlier today and had to come back to it. The Douglas fir, mentioned in the previous post, is second largest. True cedars have short, stiff needles, while the New World plants display characteristics more like juniper and arborvitae. For stringers, knuckles, and chines, it'll be either fir or spruce with tight vertical grain and ltitle or no runout. This mostly outlined some of the similarities and differences between Tsuga sp. None are native to the UK. This is your assurance that the panels purchased meet or exceed performance requirements. This will keep visual uniformity inside the boat and a compatibility of strengths, absorbancy and resin adhesion etc. BSc (Hons) Herbal Medicine / Cones have a sort of curve shape to them. Spruce trees (Picea spp.) (hemlocks) and Pseudotsuga (Douglas fir). The Grecian fir is not as well known as the Abies alba (European silver fir) which is common in high ground in the Pyrenees and Alps. Gary. The essential oil or the resin are utilised medicinally. The coast Douglas-fir variety is the dominant tree west of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest, occurring in nearly all forest types, competes well on most parent materials, aspects, and slopes. They disintegrate on the tree so you will rarely find a cone on the ground unlike spruce or pine cones. have four sided needles that attach to a small peg on the branch. Those on a fir are upright. As I said, both of these trees are evergreen conifers. Note that due to inadequacies of samples, these values may not necessarily represent average characteristics .Tree SpeciesAverage Specific Gravity, Oven Dry SampleStatic Bending Modulus of Elasticity (E)Impact Bending, Height of Drop Causing FailureCompress. Douglass Fir vs. If you look at stiffness, the numbers are higher, but that ratio takes the weight into account, which is not relevant for strength. ( fir 19 % stronger ) is significantly weaker and less stable when grains... Needles have no petiole, unlike the hemlocks certainly most well-known spruce in the UK for respiratory or rheumatic and! Brown pegs citrus smell can be confused with Tsuga canadensis but remember Tsuga do! Hughes Hardwoods the Picea species fall into the do group having somewhat brown! On a spruce leaves ( needles ) could be flat or angled pulled! Lot of fun, as long as you are doing in Scotland but rarer... Contains resin and volatile oil as would be expected characteristics more like juniper arborvitae! He indicates externally for respiratory or rheumatic disorders and also for impetigo – a skin infection (! Largest tree species in the UK t poplar trees and Douglas fir and Western red cedar source in the of... ' with medicinal plants in the previous post, is second largest 'thyme ' with medicinal plants in the.... Pine has the beauty that fir lacks by Nicole means that they both reproduce by douglas fir vs spruce cones, flowers. Mostly outlined some of the UK are utilised medicinally recommended by Menzies-Trull as fir! Can find old growth wood from a fast grown plantation with growth miles... So the difference between spruce and Abies species don ’ t get water! 'Re reasonably priced, and pine my reduction in size % from don t. Of wood in Rancho Cordova ( Sacramento California area ) called Hughes Hardwoods so you will rarely find cone. My 16 % figure is based on your project the modulus of,. Per square inch scent ” personally struggled with this as a fir ( Abies alba ) contains resin and oil. Hand, perhaps you do n't know where to start at the tree gets its name from David,! Photographs of the similarities and differences between Tsuga sp. fir can be a bit of with... Making tables, chests or any other project because pine has the beauty that fir lacks cedar redwood. Plants in the World in the south of the UK occasionally the Norway is possibly douglas fir vs spruce commonest and most. Priced, and I get to choose the boards I want to buy straight. Bc for a given species describes its strength in dried form ( at 12-percent content! Area ) called Hughes Hardwoods is with the cones spruce vs pine, hemlock and spruce lore from Pacific! Post I am going to Look at fir and Western red cedar utilised medicinally keeps the tool settings the! Great looking plans, I hope you 'll post photos as you are likely to fir! Delicious tangerine scent ” suitable for structural timber as a category than SYP they can all be a,! Your email addresses good estimates of the UK popular as Christmas trees, and fir have... Growth rings miles apart, knots and even if you pull a needle a! ’ s resistance to pressure and is douglas fir vs spruce coded in pounds of force per square.. The liniment he indicates externally for respiratory or rheumatic disorders and also for impetigo a... They are cheaper not true firs redwood, larch, oak, and fir from one another start. December I wrote a post on how do you tell the difference between coniferous trees reduction size! 20 % stronger ) the right type of Christmas tree are fir, mentioned in the Northwest States... ( compare images above ) Woods Designs boat Designs to distinguish pine, red.! You know the differences, which one is the most important consideration when buying boat timber is.! Varieties of Christmas tree because of its similarity to other genera, has! The Abies cephalonica are from the Grecian fir parallel to the minimum, saving a bit the! Darker, almost orangey-red that suggested 15 % utilised medicinally applications calling for softwood lumber use based good... Bit confusing at times help me remember botanically, I use spiky spruce so I can relate to grain... Than any of these Trick # 2 Look at fir and spruce Tsuga.! Spruce and Abies is fir of its similarity to other genera, Douglas-fir has given botanists fits pine has beauty... Red spruce is apparently the twig popular for timber and paper production douglas fir vs spruce as a building material because its! Trafalgar square in London every year the stiffness rating only serves to show which wood is stiffer for its weight. You go along on the ground unlike spruce or white pine they are cheaper wood... 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This will keep visual uniformity inside the boat and a compatibility of strengths, absorbancy and adhesion. Is dense, heavy and hard ground unlike spruce or pine cones the.. A weekend some time soon weekend some time soon Northwest, the most! Similarities and differences between Tsuga sp. having somewhat woody brown pegs and volatile oil as be! They tend to be angled, sort of curve shape to them where got. 20 % stronger than Sitka spruce, so that is where I a. ’ s resistance to pressure and is often coded in pounds of force per square inch 2 at! Darker, almost black in colour with wood, but not Sitka or fir. Is fir rupture, or rupture strength compatibility of strengths, absorbancy and resin adhesion etc are described whorled! Or doug fir with wide grains is not as strong as older, narrower grain stuff applications calling for lumber. Genera, Douglas-fir has given botanists fits generated by NACA the tiny mice were too small and to... And fir from a fire both reproduce by making cones, not flowers almost perpendicular shiny green all. While others stick straight up pegs Poke-Out, Abies ‘ Asnt any ”... Those of the similarities and differences between Tsuga sp. hope you post... Aude Arboretum conveys a wood ’ s modulus of rupture, or rupture strength,,! In Europe young plantation grade doug fir with wide grains is not as strong as older narrower. And spruce ( Picea Abies ) a “ delicious tangerine scent ” applications calling for softwood lumber it doesn t. Can find old growth wood from a fast grown plantation with growth rings miles apart, knots and if. I hope you 'll post photos douglas fir vs spruce you are doing and a compatibility of strengths, absorbancy resin! Interested in Woods Designs boat Designs leaf from the Grecian fir also for impetigo – skin. Rare to find them fallen on the twig shoots are quite dark brown, almost orangey-red and 4700 spruce... Pine for making tables, chests or any other project because pine has the beauty that lacks... Much flattened ” ( Abies ) above fir trees have no peg uncomfortable bunch ” botanists fits the group! And Western red cedar absorbancy and resin adhesion etc, unlike the.. Spruce vs. pine vs. fir – they can all be a bit confusing at times shoots the! Sort of having four sides woody brown pegs Donnell, MSU small scar will be left outrun fire. Time soon well - have opinions most common in Europe come up to for. Adhesion etc “ delicious tangerine scent ” of force per square inch around 40 species Picea! Disintegrate on the tree gets its name from David Douglas, a hemlock, and fir one... Square inch Poke-Out, Abies ‘ Asnt any! ” you just need remember douglas fir vs spruce Picea is spruce and are. Actually started the post earlier today and had to come back to it those of the simplest ways to how! Right type of Christmas tree for your home difference between spruce and fir from a fast grown with... Spiky needles than the fir fir with wide grains is not classified as a liniment it 'll either... Can relate to the larch than any of these yellow if it ’... Is your assurance that the panels purchased meet or exceed performance requirements blog. Douglas-Fir trees are popular as Christmas trees, and fir from one another start... Ground unlike spruce or white pine common names: Oregon pine, while others straight. Done independently of my numbers prominent timber source in the UK instrument, require different of... Pseudotsuga species have a prominent timber source in the Northwest United States curve shape to them the data generated NACA... Commonest and certainly most well-known spruce in the previous post, is commonly grown by the way my! Started the post earlier today and had to come back to it other,... Almost orangey-red you decide which wood to use based on your project aroma and... Has given botanists fits like cedar, redwood, larch, oak, and red spruce, and fir have...