Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium. Europium is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water. Mercury is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum. The chemical symbol for Einsteinium is Es. What is the electron configuration of Li and F? Since 1s can only hold two electrons the next 2 electrons for Iron go in the 2s orbital. The chemical symbol for Holmium is Ho. Groups one and two are the s-block, three through 12 represent the d-block, 13 to 18 are the p-block and the two rows at the bottom are the f-block. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. Uranium is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. Nevertheless, check the complete configuration and other interesting facts about Cesium that most people don't know. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. Platinum is a chemical element with atomic number 78 which means there are 78 protons and 78 electrons in the atomic structure. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. In writing the electron configuration for Argon the first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital. The chemical symbol for Vanadium is V. Vanadium is a hard, silvery grey, ductile, and malleable transition metal. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine. Titanium is a chemical element with atomic number 22 which means there are 22 protons and 22 electrons in the atomic structure. Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides. The chemical properties of the atom are determined by the number of protons, in fact, by number and arrangement of electrons. Technetium is a chemical element with atomic number 43 which means there are 43 protons and 43 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Thallium is Tl. Sc+. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. Write the electron configurations of Sc and Sc+. We'll put six in the 2p orbital and then put the next two electrons in the 3s. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. Scandium Electronic configuration. Not found any post match with your request, STEP 2: Click the link on your social network, Can not copy the codes / texts, please press [CTRL]+[C] (or CMD+C with Mac) to copy, How a small number of atoms can be joined and form completely different substances. The reason why it has the same configuration as argon is because if you look at Scandium on the periodic table, you see that it has one electron in a d orbital, but we have sc3+, meaning it is missing 3 electrons, so moving back 3 spaces we get to Argon. The chemical symbol for Yttrium is Y. Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a “rare-earth element”. The chemical symbol for Promethium is Pm. Electron configuration was first conceived under the Bohr model of the atom, and it is still common to speak of shells and subshells despite the advances in understanding of the quantum-mechanical nature of electrons.. An electron shell is the set of allowed states that share the same principal quantum number, n (the number before the letter in the orbital label), that electrons may occupy. Ruthenium is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Terbium is a chemical element with atomic number 65 which means there are 65 protons and 65 electrons in the atomic structure. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel. Palladium is a chemical element with atomic number 46 which means there are 46 protons and 46 electrons in the atomic structure. Radium is a chemical element with atomic number 88 which means there are 88 protons and 88 electrons in the atomic structure. Iron is a metal in the first transition series. Thorium is moderately hard, malleable, and has a high melting point. Antimony is a chemical element with atomic number 51 which means there are 51 protons and 51 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Phosphorus is P. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Einsteinium is a chemical element with atomic number 99 which means there are 99 protons and 99 electrons in the atomic structure. Lutetium is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. The isotopes of scandium range from 36 Sc to 60 Sc. Because of this, the first two rows of the periodic table are labeled the s block. The electron configuration for cobalt is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2. Lithium is a chemical element with atomic number 3 which means there are 3 protons and 3 electrons in the atomic structure. The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. The chemical symbol for Radon is Rn. Strontium. Similarly, the p block are the right-most six columns of the periodic table, the d block is the middle 10 columns of the periodic table, while the f block is the 14-column section that is normally depicted as detached from the main body of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. For example, silicon has nine possible integer oxidation states from −4 to +4, but only -4, 0 and +4 are common oxidation states. The chemical symbol for Potassium is K. Potassium was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. al. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. Ytterbium is a chemical element with atomic number 70 which means there are 70 protons and 70 electrons in the atomic structure. Maybe add your school logo, work team or anything else to maker your paper look cool? Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Oxygen is a colourless, odourless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. Although neodymium is classed as a rare earth, it is a fairly common element. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). Similarly, adding electrons results in a negative oxidation state. The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. Most elements have more than one possible oxidation state. When we write the configuration we'll put all 18 electrons in orbitals around the nucleus of the Argon atom. The chemical symbol for Hafnium is Hf. In the case of Scandium the abbreviated electron configuration is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. This fact has key implications for the building up of the periodic table of elements. The chemical symbol for Neodymium is Nd. Pure germanium is a semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon. Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons and 8 electrons in the atomic structure. Some are hard to memorise (or predict), so what is the electron configuration of an atom of Cs? Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. Cerium is a soft, ductile and silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air, and it is soft enough to be cut with a knife. The chemical symbol for Tellurium is Te. The chemical symbol for Calcium is Ca. Nickel is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. It is fairly soft and slowly tarnishes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. Mendelevium is a metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities. The chemical symbol for Iridium is Ir. Molybdenum a silvery metal with a gray cast, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. Write the electron configuration (full, and in core notation). Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. The chemical symbol for Fluorine is F. Fluorine is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. The electron configuration of atoms explains the common form of the periodic system of elements (Fig. The chemical symbol for Mercury is Hg. Bismuth is a chemical element with atomic number 83 which means there are 83 protons and 83 electrons in the atomic structure. Niobium is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, often found in the minerals pyrochlore (the main commercial source for niobium) and columbite. Liquid nitrogen (made by distilling liquid air) boils at 77.4 kelvins (−195.8°C) and is used as a coolant. Lead is widely used as a gamma shield. The p orbital can hold up to six electrons. Rubidium is a chemical element with atomic number 37 which means there are 37 protons and 37 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Zirconium is Zr. Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. Strontium, complete electron configuration. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In nuclear reactors, promethium equilibrium exists in power operation. Scandium is a silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. Scandium is a chemical element with atomic number 21 which means there are 21 protons and 21 electrons in the atomic structure. 1. scandium. It explains how we use cookies (and other locally stored data technologies), how third-party cookies are used on our Website, and how you can manage your cookie options. Titanium is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. The chemical symbol for Cobalt is Co. Cobalt is found in the Earth’s crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The chemical symbol for Niobium is Nb. Polonium is a rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table: thallium, lead, and bismuth. Tantalum is a chemical element with atomic number 73 which means there are 73 protons and 73 electrons in the atomic structure. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about chemical elements, ionizing radiation, thermal engineering, reactor physics and nuclear energy. In fact their absorption cross-sections are the highest among all stable isotopes. The chemical symbol for Molybdenum is Mo. Major advantage of lead shield is in its compactness due to its higher density. Promethium is a chemical element with atomic number 61 which means there are 61 protons and 61 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Hydrogen is H. With a standard atomic weight of circa 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. ↑↓. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Beryllium is a chemical element with atomic number 4 which means there are 4 protons and 4 electrons in the atomic structure. Gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. Phosphorus is a chemical element with atomic number 15 which means there are 15 protons and 15 electrons in the atomic structure. Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production by fusion in high-mass stars. Hafnium’s large neutron capture cross-section makes it a good material for neutron absorption in control rods in nuclear power plants, but at the same time requires that it be removed from the neutron-transparent corrosion-resistant zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors. Just replace this portion of zinc's electron notation with Argon's chemical symbol in brackets ([Ar].) Calcium - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - Ca, Potassium - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - K, Argon - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - Ar, Helium - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - He, Hydrogen - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - H, Neon - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - Ne, Calcium – Electron Configuration and Oxidation States – Ca, Titanium – Electron Configuration and Oxidation States – Ti. Curium is a hard, dense, silvery metal with a relatively high melting point and boiling point for an actinide. The chemical symbol for Beryllium is Be. Fluorine is a chemical element with atomic number 9 which means there are 9 protons and 9 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Technetium is Tc. The chemical symbol for Californium is Cf. To calculate an electron configuration, divide the periodic table into sections to represent the atomic orbitals, the regions where electrons are contained. All of the alkali metals have a single valence electron in the outer electron shell, which is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge – a cation, which combines with anions to form salts. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with any certainty. Neon is a chemical element with atomic number 10 which means there are 10 protons and 10 electrons in the atomic structure. For example, the electronic configuration of carbon is 1s2 2s2 2p2, whereas its noble gas notation is [He] 2s2 2p2. We have also distinguish between the possible and common oxidation states of every element. The chemical symbol for Manganese is Mn. Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, kohl. But its density pales by comparison to the densities of exotic astronomical objects such as white dwarf stars and neutron stars. Promethium is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms. It is the Pauli exclusion principle that requires the electrons in an atom to occupy different energy levels instead of them all condensing in the ground state. Terbium is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. Gadolinium belongs to a rare earth elements (it is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table). Tellurium is far more common in the universe as a whole than on Earth. Hafnium is a chemical element with atomic number 72 which means there are 72 protons and 72 electrons in the atomic structure. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. All of its isotopes are radioactive. To write the configuration for the Titanium ions, first we need to write the electron configuration for just Titanium (Ti). It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth’s outer and inner core. Radon is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas. So for scandium the 1 st and 2 nd electron must be in 1s orbital, the 3 rd and 4 th in the 2s, the 5 th through 10 th in the 2p orbitals, etc. Discoverer: Marinsky, Jacob A. and Coryell, Charles D. and Glendenin, Lawerence. is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. The chemical symbol for Praseodymium is Pr. Lawrencium is a chemical element with atomic number 103 which means there are 103 protons and 103 electrons in the atomic structure. Rhenium is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. The chemical symbol for Antimony is Sb. Arsenic is a chemical element with atomic number 33 which means there are 33 protons and 33 electrons in the atomic structure. Get more help from Chegg. Tungsten is an intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work. Americium is a transuranic member of the actinide series, in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Xenon is a chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure. Manganese is a chemical element with atomic number 25 which means there are 25 protons and 25 electrons in the atomic structure. Entire website is based on our own personal perspectives, and do not represent the views of any company of nuclear industry. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. The ordering of the electrons in the ground state of multielectron atoms, starts with the lowest energy state (ground state) and moves progressively from there up the energy scale until each of the atom’s electrons has been assigned a unique set of quantum numbers. The metal is found in the Earth’s crust in the pure, free elemental form (“native silver”), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. The chemical symbol for Gallium is Ga. Gallium has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. Oxidation state 0 occurs for all elements – it is simply the element in its elemental form. The chemical symbol for Chromium is Cr. Arsenic is a metalloid. Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series. ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. So, zinc's electron configuration written in shorthand is [Ar]4s2 3d10. The chemical symbol for Platinum is Pt. Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted among the rare earths. Electron Configuration and Oxidation States of Scandium Electron configuration of Scandium is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Cobalt is a chemical element with atomic number 27 which means there are 27 protons and 27 electrons in the atomic structure. Carbon is a chemical element with atomic number 6 which means there are 6 protons and 6 electrons in the atomic structure. In nuclear industry, especially natural and artificial samarium 149 has an important impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. The chemical symbol for Gadolinium is Gd. Bismuth Electronic configuration. Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. Search for "Gelson Luz" in your favorite browser to learn more. Xenon is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas found in the Earth’s atmosphere in trace amounts. Use this tool to draw the orbital diagram. In nuclear industry gadolinium is commonly used as a neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorbtion cross-section of two isotopes 155Gd and 157Gd. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth’s crust. Mercury is a chemical element with atomic number 80 which means there are 80 protons and 80 electrons in the atomic structure. Argon is a chemical element with atomic number 18 which means there are 18 protons and 18 electrons in the atomic structure. Silver is a chemical element with atomic number 47 which means there are 47 protons and 47 electrons in the atomic structure. Nickel is a chemical element with atomic number 28 which means there are 28 protons and 28 electrons in the atomic structure. Expert Answer . Europium is one of the least abundant elements in the universe. What is the noble gas configuration for sc? In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z. Its extreme rarity in the Earth’s crust, comparable to that of platinum. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. (1969), Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1967)/Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (1970), Discoverer: Armbruster, Paula and Muenzenberg, Dr. Gottfried, Element Category: unknown, probably a transition metal, Discoverer: David Anderson, Ruhani Rabin, Team Updraft, Element Category: unknown, probably a post-transition metal, Discoverer: Hisinger, Wilhelm and Berzelius, Jöns Jacob/Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. © 2019 periodic-table.org / see also The chemical symbol for Lutetium is Lu. The chemical symbol for Chlorine is Cl. Zirconium is a chemical element with atomic number 40 which means there are 40 protons and 40 electrons in the atomic structure. Dysprosium is a chemical element with atomic number 66 which means there are 66 protons and 66 electrons in the atomic structure. The most commonly used spontaneous fission neutron source is the radioactive isotope californium-252. Zinc's full electron configuration is: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. It readily forms hard, stable carbides in alloys, and for this reason most of world production of the element (about 80%) is used in steel alloys, including high-strength alloys and superalloys. The next six electrons will go in the 2p orbital. Knowledge of the electron configuration of different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of the periodic table of elements. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. The chemical symbol for Gold is Au. Thorium is a naturally-occurring element and it is estimated to be about three times more abundant than uranium. Cerium is also traditionally considered one of the rare-earth elements. Rhodium is a chemical element with atomic number 45 which means there are 45 protons and 45 electrons in the atomic structure. The electronic configuration of each element is decided by the Aufbau principle which … The chemical symbol for Polonium is Po. The chemical symbol for Osmium is Os. Gold is a chemical element with atomic number 79 which means there are 79 protons and 79 electrons in the atomic structure. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. Francium is a chemical element with atomic number 87 which means there are 87 protons and 87 electrons in the atomic structure. Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. The most probable fission fragment masses are around mass 95 (Krypton) and 137 (Barium). (Type your answer using the format [Xe] 5d1 6s2 for [Xe]5d16s2.) Iridium is a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium). Its properties are thus intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine. Natural boron consists primarily of two stable isotopes, 11B (80.1%) and 10B (19.9%). The chemical symbol for Boron is B. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Cadmium is a chemical element with atomic number 48 which means there are 48 protons and 48 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Palladium is Pd. It is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. Rhodium is a rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion resistant and chemically inert transition metal. The chemical symbol for Rubidium is Rb. Zinc is a chemical element with atomic number 30 which means there are 30 protons and 30 electrons in the atomic structure. Thallium is a soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. Neodymium is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Naturally occurring potassium is composed of three isotopes, of which 40K is radioactive. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). The chemical symbol for Rhodium is Rh. However, notice that 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 is the configuration for Argon, a noble gas. For {eq}\rm Sc^{3+} {/eq}, three electrons are lost. Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element on the Earth’s crust. Platinum is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. 6/14/ Ch 8 4/18 Correct Part B Complete an orbital diagram for scandium (Sc). Oxidation states are typically represented by integers which may be positive, zero, or negative. Since 1s can only hold two electrons the next 2 electrons for Argon go in the 2s orbital. There are over 100 different borate minerals, but the most common are: borax, kernite, ulexite etc. Cerium is a chemical element with atomic number 58 which means there are 58 protons and 58 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Lead is Pb. Osmium is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. The chemical symbol for Actinium is Ac. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1964)/Albert Ghiorso et. The commercial use of beryllium requires the use of appropriate dust control equipment and industrial controls at all times because of the toxicity of inhaled beryllium-containing dusts that can cause a chronic life-threatening allergic disease in some people called berylliosis. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: Discoverer: Ramsey, Sir William and Cleve, Per Teodor. Thulium is the thirteenth and third-last element in the lanthanide series. Samarium is a typical member of the lanthanide series, it is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. It rarely occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth’s crust. Tellurium is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Discoverer: Davy, Sir H. and Thénard, L.-J. The valence electrons of 4s are lost, then, followed by the electron of 3d. The chemical symbol for Francium is Fr. The chemical symbol for Zinc is Zn. The chemical symbol for Nickel is Ni. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and concludes three major decay chains of heavier elements. Californium is a chemical element with atomic number 98 which means there are 98 protons and 98 electrons in the atomic structure. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. Zirconium is widely used as a cladding for nuclear reactor fuels. The chemical symbol for Krypton is Kr. Discoverer: Priestley, Joseph and Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Strutt, John (Lord Rayleigh), Discoverer: Del Rio, Andrés Manuel (1801) and Sefström, Nils Gabriel (1830), Discoverer: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul-Émile, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm and Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert, Discoverer: Perrier, Carlo and Segrè, Emilio, Discoverer: Reich, Ferdinand and Richter, Hieronymus, Discoverer: Müller von Reichenstein, Franz Joseph, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris William, Discoverer: Kirchhoff, Gustav and Bunsen, Robert. The chemical symbol for Terbium is Tb. The chemical symbol for Scandium is Sc. Berkelium is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. Berkelium is a chemical element with atomic number 97 which means there are 97 protons and 97 electrons in the atomic structure. Potassium is a chemical element with atomic number 19 which means there are 19 protons and 19 electrons in the atomic structure. Iron is a chemical element with atomic number 26 which means there are 26 protons and 26 electrons in the atomic structure. The name samarium is after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. Titanium condenser tubes are usually the best technical choice, however titanium is very expensive material. Hence, the configuration for this cation is: Home; Czech version; Table; Periodic table » Strontium » Electron configuration. Bromine is a chemical element with atomic number 35 which means there are 35 protons and 35 electrons in the atomic structure. Plutonium is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. Copper is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Selenium is a chemical element with atomic number 34 which means there are 34 protons and 34 electrons in the atomic structure. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group. The chemical symbol for Selenium is Se. Europium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons and 63 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Nobelium is No. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. The chemical symbol for Xenon is Xe. Beryllium is a hard, grayish metal naturally found in mineral rocks, coal, soil, and volcanic dust. Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17 which means there are 17 protons and 17 electrons in the atomic structure. Aluminum is a chemical element with atomic number 13 which means there are 13 protons and 13 electrons in the atomic structure. Erbium is a silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. Indium is a chemical element with atomic number 49 which means there are 49 protons and 49 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Sodium is Na. The ground-state electron configuration of Sc is O A. The chemical symbol for Scandium is Sc. The chemical symbol for Berkelium is Bk. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties. Astatine is a chemical element with atomic number 85 which means there are 85 protons and 85 electrons in the atomic structure. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Only about 5×10−8% of all matter in the universe is europium. Magnesium is a chemical element with atomic number 12 which means there are 12 protons and 12 electrons in the atomic structure. Thorium metal is silvery and tarnishes black when exposed to air, forming the dioxide. Symbol: Sc Atomic Number: 21 Atomic Mass: 44.95591 amu Melting Point: 1539.0 °C (1812.15 K, 2802.2 °F) Boiling Point: 2832.0 °C (3105.15 K, 5129.6 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 21 Number of Neutrons: 24 Classification: Transition Metal Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Density @ 293 K: 2.989 g/cm 3 Color: silvery Atomic Structure Thorium is a chemical element with atomic number 90 which means there are 90 protons and 90 electrons in the atomic structure. 10XX,52,11XX,17,12XX,7,13XX,4,15XX,16,3XXX,2,40XX,10,41XX,12,43XX,3,44XX,4,46XX,5,47XX,3,48XX,3,5XXX,20,6XXX,3,8XXX,22,92XX,5,94XX,4,98XX,2,ASTM,171,Atomic-Mass,327,Atomic-Number,436,Atomic-Radius,86,Atomic-Symbol,329,Atomic-Volume,94,Boiling-Point,94,CBS,6,Chemical-Elements,100,Chemical-Symbol,217,CMDS,12,Coefficient-of-Thermal-Expansion,85,Covalent-Radius,87,Crystal-Structure,109,CS,14,CVS,3,Density,309,Elastic-Modulus,30,Electrical-Conductivity,79,Electro-Affinity,87,Electron-Configuration,109,Electronegativity,102,Electrons-per-Shell,112,Enthalpy-of-Fusion,93,Enthalpy-of-Vaporization,95,Group-Number,218,HCS,14,Heat-of-Fusion,87,Heat-of-Vaporization,85,HMCS,16,Ionic-Radius,78,Ionization-Energy,102,Ionization-Potential,101,LCS,21,List,194,MCS,17,MDS,14,Melting-Point,96,MS,4,NCMDBS,6,NCMDS,28,NCS,2,NMDS,8,Oxidation-States,104,Period-Number,107,Properties,40,RCLS,1,RCS,16,RRCLS,3,RRCS,4,SAE,194,Site,2,SMS,5,Specific-Gravity,83,Specific-Heat,92,Specific-Weight,1,Tests,2,Thermal-Conductivity,105,Valence-Electrons,98. Lead is a chemical element with atomic number 82 which means there are 82 protons and 82 electrons in the atomic structure. Radon is a chemical element with atomic number 86 which means there are 86 protons and 86 electrons in the atomic structure. At 0.099%, phosphorus is the most abundant pnictogen in the Earth’s crust. The chemical symbol for Magnesium is Mg. Magnesium is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table: all group 2 elements have the same electron configuration in the outer electron shell and a similar crystal structure. Barium is a chemical element with atomic number 56 which means there are 56 protons and 56 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Fermium is Fm. Holmium is a part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare-earth element. The first two columns on the left side of the periodic table are where the s subshells are being occupied. Silicon is a chemical element with atomic number 14 which means there are 14 protons and 14 electrons in the atomic structure. Commercially, thallium is produced as a byproduct from refining of heavy metal sulfide ores. The electron configuration for scandium is {eq}1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^1 4s^2 {/eq}. Neptunium is the first transuranic element. Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. ↑↓. For example, carbon has nine possible integer oxidation states from −4 to +4. Chemically, sulfur reacts with all elements except for gold, platinum, iridium, tellurium, and the noble gases. The next six electrons will go in the 2p orbital. Silver is a soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. Thulium is an easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray luster. 1s22s22p63s23pº O C. 1822s22p63s23p4s23d2 O D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d3 O E. None of the above . Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. 3d. 1822s22p63s23pⓇ4s23d1 O B. The chemical symbol for Astatine is At. Actinium is a chemical element with atomic number 89 which means there are 89 protons and 89 electrons in the atomic structure. Nevertheless, check the complete configuration and other interesting facts about Scandium that most people don't know. Germanium is a chemical element with atomic number 32 which means there are 32 protons and 32 electrons in the atomic structure. In nuclear industry boron is commonly used as a neutron absorber due to the high neutron cross-section of isotope 10B. Argon is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily unreactive substances become reactive; for example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning. Holmium is a chemical element with atomic number 67 which means there are 67 protons and 67 electrons in the atomic structure. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, lawrencium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. Francium is an alkali metal, that has one valence electron. This list of electron configurations of elements contains all the elements in increasing order of atomic number. Vanadium is a chemical element with atomic number 23 which means there are 23 protons and 23 electrons in the atomic structure. Draw orbital diagrams for the following elements. The primary decay mode at masses lower than the only stable isotope, 45 Sc, is electron capture, and the primary mode at masses above it is beta emission. The chemical symbol for Americium is Am. The chemical symbol for Iodine is I. Iodine is the heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black metallic solid at standard conditions that sublimes readily to form a violet gas. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, including rapid oxidation in air. The chemical symbol for Plutonium is Pu. Francium is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium, and is the second rarest naturally occurring element (after astatine). The chemical symbol for Copper is Cu. This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions are of similar size. 4p. The chemical symbol for Argon is Ar. In the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals. Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although small amounts are used as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion. The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called the electron configuration of the atom. The chemical symbol for Bismuth is Bi. Pure radium is silvery-white alkaline earth metal. The current IUPAC Gold Book definition of oxidation state is: “Oxidation state of an atom is the charge of this atom after ionic approximation of its heteronuclear bonds…”. Fermium is a chemical element with atomic number 100 which means there are 100 protons and 100 electrons in the atomic structure. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth’s crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. ↑↓. In writing the electron configuration for Iron the first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. Antimony is a lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite. Titanium can be used in surface condensers. Electronic configuration: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6 4d 10 5s 2 5p 6 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 3 >> Back to key information about the element It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia. All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, with the most stable isotope being radium-226. The electron configuration can be visualized as the core electrons, equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, and the valence electrons (e.g. The chemical symbol for Caesium is Cs. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table, because it has a single electron in its outer shell that it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom—the Na+ cation. Polonium is a chemical element with atomic number 84 which means there are 84 protons and 84 electrons in the atomic structure. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications. Electron configuration of Scandium is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. The chemical symbol for Uranium is U. Hydrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 1 which means there are 1 protons and 1 electrons in the atomic structure. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in the Earth’s crust. The first number in each group identifies the energy level of the electrons. The first alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of tin and copper, from as early as 3000 BC. and the term oxidation number is nearly synonymous. Lanthanum is a chemical element with atomic number 57 which means there are 57 protons and 57 electrons in the atomic structure. Chromium is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle metal4 which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point. Electronic configuration: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 1 4s 2 >> Back to key information about the elementBack to key information about the element Lanthanoids comprise the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. Niobium is a chemical element with atomic number 41 which means there are 41 protons and 41 electrons in the atomic structure. Zirconium is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. These condensers use tubes that are usually made of stainless steel, copper alloys, or titanium depending on several selection criteria (such as thermal conductivity or corrosion resistance). Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. The chemical symbol for Radium is Ra. The chemical symbol for Ruthenium is Ru. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Electrons have a specific form of distribution (or configuration) in every atom, even Cesium. The chemical symbol for Neptunium is Np. The chemical symbol for Lithium is Li. An atom of an element in a compound will have a positive oxidation state if it has had electrons removed. The chemical symbol for Sulfur is S. Sulfur is abundant, multivalent, and nonmetallic. Discoverer: McMillan, Edwin M. and Abelson, Philip H. Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edward M. McMillan, Arthur C. Wohl, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Bernard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg, Torbørn Sikkeland, John R. Walton, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh, Robert M. Latimer, Copyright 2020 Periodic Table | All Rights Reserved |. In nuclear industry cadmium is commonly used as a thermal neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorption cross-section of 113Cd. Neptunium metal is silvery and tarnishes when exposed to air. Molybdenum is a chemical element with atomic number 42 which means there are 42 protons and 42 electrons in the atomic structure. Scandium is a chemical element with atomic number 21 which means there are 21 protons and 21 electrons in the atomic structure. Mendelevium is a chemical element with atomic number 101 which means there are 101 protons and 101 electrons in the atomic structure. Electrons have a specific form of distribution (or configuration) in every atom, even Scandium. Gold is thought to have been produced in supernova nucleosynthesis, from the collision of neutron stars. Neodymium is a chemical element with atomic number 60 which means there are 60 protons and 60 electrons in the atomic structure. Tin is a chemical element with atomic number 50 which means there are 50 protons and 50 electrons in the atomic structure. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements. Copper is a chemical element with atomic number 29 which means there are 29 protons and 29 electrons in the atomic structure. Plutonium is a chemical element with atomic number 94 which means there are 94 protons and 94 electrons in the atomic structure. Answer to Draw an orbital diagram for scandium (Sc). The chemical symbol for Silicon is Si. Iodine is a chemical element with atomic number 53 which means there are 53 protons and 53 electrons in the atomic structure. The letter represents the type of shell in which the electrons sit, while the final number denotes the number of electrons in the shell. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal, it is a reactive pale yellow metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Discoverer: Corson, Dale R. and Mackenzie, K. R. The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Osmium is a chemical element with atomic number 76 which means there are 76 protons and 76 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Rhenium is Re. Rhenium is a chemical element with atomic number 75 which means there are 75 protons and 75 electrons in the atomic structure. and Gay-Lussac, L.-J. Krypton is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. The chemical symbol for Barium is Ba. E. Discoverer: De Marignac, Charles Galissard, Discoverer: De Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard, Discoverer: Göhring, Otto and Fajans, Kasimir. Nitrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 7 which means there are 7 protons and 7 electrons in the atomic structure. It could be part of the main body, but then the periodic table would be rather long and cumbersome. Selenium is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and below in the periodic table, sulfur and tellurium, and also has similarities to arsenic. The chemical symbol for Helium is He. Iridium is a chemical element with atomic number 77 which means there are 77 protons and 77 electrons in the atomic structure. Gelson Luz is a Mechanical Engineer, expert in welding and passionate about materials. www.nuclear-power.net. The chemical symbol for Germanium is Ge. Need an editable periodic table to edit? Actinium is a soft, silvery-white radioactive metal. Fermium is a member of the actinide series. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The chemical symbol for Bromine is Br. Tungsten is a chemical element with atomic number 74 which means there are 74 protons and 74 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Lanthanum is La. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6. The chemical symbol for Thorium is Th. 2.3).Elements are classified into “blocks” according to the subshell that is being “filled” as the atomic number increases. Will have the same configuration as argon. The chemical symbol for Tungsten is W. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. As the nucleus now has a greater charge than the sum of the electrons, the orbitals are going to be pulled in closer and to different degrees based on their degrees of penetration. Nobelium is a chemical element with atomic number 102 which means there are 102 protons and 102 electrons in the atomic structure. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. This means part of the electron configuration has been replaced with the element symbol of the noble gas symbol. The name xenon for this gas comes from the Greek word ξένον [xenon], neuter singular form of ξένος [xenos], meaning ‘foreign(er)’, ‘strange(r)’, or ‘guest’. Tellurium is a chemical element with atomic number 52 which means there are 52 protons and 52 electrons in the atomic structure. Bromine is the third-lightest halogen, and is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured gas. Lead is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Helium is a chemical element with atomic number 2 which means there are 2 protons and 2 electrons in the atomic structure. Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metal. Aluminium is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal in the boron group. The chemical symbol for Nitrogen is N. Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless unreactive gas that forms about 78% of the earth’s atmosphere. In the case of Cesium the abbreviated electron configuration is [Xe] 6s1. Click hereto get an answer to your question ️ The largest number of unpaired electrons: F, N, S^2 - , Mg^2 + , Sc^3 + , Ti^3 + Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. The chemical symbol for Scandium is Sc. The chemical symbol for Cadmium is Cd. The chemical symbol for Cerium is Ce. Its boiling point is the lowest among all the elements. Lutetium is a chemical element with atomic number 71 which means there are 71 protons and 71 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Europium is Eu. This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into orbital diagrams and electron configuration. This equilibrium also known as “samarium 149 reservoir”, since all of this promethium must undergo a decay to samarium. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color. Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C, which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. It is a lanthanide, a rare earth element, originally found in the gadolinite mine in Ytterby in Sweden. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Caesium is a chemical element with atomic number 55 which means there are 55 protons and 55 electrons in the atomic structure. Gallium is a chemical element with atomic number 31 which means there are 31 protons and 31 electrons in the atomic structure. Curium is a chemical element with atomic number 96 which means there are 96 protons and 96 electrons in the atomic structure. Actinium gave the name to the actinide series, a group of 15 similar elements between actinium and lawrencium in the periodic table. The chemical symbol for Thulium is Tm. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Sodium is a chemical element with atomic number 11 which means there are 11 protons and 11 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Protactinium is Pa. Protactinium is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine. Samarium is a chemical element with atomic number 62 which means there are 62 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure. Gadolinium is a chemical element with atomic number 64 which means there are 64 protons and 64 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Dysprosium is Dy. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Ruthenium is a chemical element with atomic number 44 which means there are 44 protons and 44 electrons in the atomic structure. An element that is not combined with any other different elements has an oxidation state of 0. Silicon is a hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, it is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. In your case, the neutral atom is sulfur, #"S"#, which is located in period 3, group 16 of the periodic table.Sulfur's has an atomic number equal to #16#, which means that a neutral sulfur atom has a total of #16# electrons surrounding its nucleus. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3. A good starting point when looking for the electron configuration of an ion is the electron configuration of the neutral atom.. Praseodymium is the third member of the lanthanide series and is traditionally considered to be one of the rare-earth metals. For example, write the electron configuration of scandium, Sc: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 1. Gold is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Nobelium is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series. Sodium is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Krypton is a chemical element with atomic number 36 which means there are 36 protons and 36 electrons in the atomic structure. Boron is a chemical element with atomic number 5 which means there are 5 protons and 5 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Lawrencium is Lr. Sc. Periodic Table of the Elements Electron configuration of Strontium. The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide. Although classified as a rare earth element, samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is more common than such metals as tin. Erbium is a chemical element with atomic number 68 which means there are 68 protons and 68 electrons in the atomic structure. Calcium is a chemical element with atomic number 20 which means there are 20 protons and 20 electrons in the atomic structure. Our Privacy Policy is a legal statement that explains what kind of information about you we collect, when you visit our Website. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1 is the electron configuration for the element Scandium (Sc). To save room, the configurations are in noble gas shorthand. The chemical symbol for Erbium is Er. Einsteinium is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. Radon occurs naturally as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into lead. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Discoverer: Coster, Dirk and De Hevesy, George Charles, Discoverer: Elhuyar, Juan José and Elhuyar, Fausto, Discoverer: Noddack, Walter and Berg, Otto Carl and Tacke, Ida. The chemical symbol for Strontium is Sr. Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. Americium is a chemical element with atomic number 95 which means there are 95 protons and 95 electrons in the atomic structure. 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. The chemical symbol for Samarium is Sm. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. Thallium is a chemical element with atomic number 81 which means there are 81 protons and 81 electrons in the atomic structure. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.