Prerequisites Needed to Study Architecture and Architectural in Canada: Admission to architecture programs is generally competitive, and a portfolio of examples of … Discover the options our scholarship can give you, {{ tt('website__program_pages__new_num_programs_found').replace('{num}', num_programs) }}. Studying in Canada is an excellent alternative for those looking for an affordable degree as an international student. ... MIT currently claims second place globally in this year’s rankings and first place in its region, achieving outstanding scores for all four categories, including a near-perfect score for academic reputation. Cost of Studying Masters in Canada Tuition Fees. A statement of interest must be submitted electronically on the Online Admissions Application. Masters in Business Analytics in Canada: 26,000 to 56,000 CAD (overall costs). AAA. The Master of Architecture (MArch) is a professional degree program offered by the John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design. Canada A masters is the first level of graduate coursework and can be obtained after you receive a bachelor’s degree. Accredited by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board, this program provides students with opportunities for intellectual growth and the development of individual areas of inquiry by focusing on a critical study of architectural practice, both in its contemporary forms and in its future potential. MASTERSTUDIES makes it easy for graduate students to find the right degree. ... including "Best match" universities with the latest entry requirements. Students could pursue one of several related concentrations, including construction management and urban and landscape design, while honing their technical and artistic prowess. What Are the Benefits of Earning a Master’s degree in Architecture? Nationality. Applicants who are offered admission and who accept that offer will be required to have their respective institutions directly submit final, hard-copy official transcripts to the School. This architecture specialization has a stronger focus on the creative side of the … Architecture studies prepares students to design homes and buildings for private clients and corporations. International applicants should hold an appropriate bachelor’s degree or its equivalent as assessed by the University of Toronto. The system will automatically email an electronic submission request to each referee once payment is made. The forms are available on the online admissions application only after making application payment. 2. All other students with a pre-professional Architecture degree admitted into the Master of Architecture, … All advanced standing applicants must have previously completed (at minimum) three architectural design studio courses, two courses in visual communications or representation, two courses in architecture history and theory (one in 20th century), and two courses in architectural technology and ecology. The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies establishes the minimum admission requirements common to all applicants, usually a minimum overall average in the B+ range (76% at UBC). Architecture studies prepares students to design homes and buildings for private clients and corporations. Design studios are integrated with courses in architectural history and theory, technical and material systems, and design media and representation. Students work in independent design or research- 49. Note: Applicants with an HBA, Architectural Studies from the University of Toronto are not eligible for advanced standing, and may only apply to the 3-year Master of Architecture program. The university offers postgraduate training programs in internal medicine (consider subspecialty in Nephrology), neurology, anesthesia, obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, pathology, general surgery, radiology, and family medicine. On the Eligibility Summary form, you must summarize your most relevant and advanced courses that you believe deem you eligible for advanced standing. 1. Ontario Secondary School Diploma Six 4U/M courses, including: English (ENG4U) Find equivalent requirements for Canadian high school systems, US high school system, International Baccalaureate, British-Patterned Education, French-Patterned Education, CAPE, and other international high school systems. Read more. Rate your chances of admission in University of Manitoba Master of Architecture program and download course brochure. Masters in Data Science in Canada: 22,000 to 44,000 CAD (overall costs). Academic Requirements. The Master in Architecture program at Columbia University is completed through the … Select country. It is a standardized test in both format i.e. Possible approaches to your statement of interest include: your interest in your proposed field of study, how you might propose to engage the educational opportunities presented to you during graduate school, how some of your recent experiences and/or interests have motivated you to pursue graduate study. My current qualification is from . David W. Strangway Award For Excellence, 2017. A masters is the first level of graduate coursework and can be obtained after you receive a bachelor’s degree. ARCH 500 Architectural Design Studio I 2. Contact Nicole Guenther, Coordinator of Graduate Studies and Research, for inquiries regarding Master of Architecture (MArch) Earning a masters usually requires two years of full-time study, which amounts to 36 to 54 semester credits. The Daniels Faculty will not approach testing agencies on behalf of an applicant. Failure in more than one graduate course will be considered grounds for dismissal. View 1 Architecture courses. Favourites. Students might also need to pass a postgraduate examination before applying to a Master’s in Architecture program. The professional Master of Architecture is a rigorous and comprehensive program, preparing graduates for the full range of activities in architecture.It provides a thorough base of knowledge in history, theory, technology, ecology, society, and professional practice, while developing skills in design through an intensive sequence of design studio courses. Use the International Credentials Equivalency Tool to see which international credentials are required for masters programs at U of T.Â. +, The dual degree option is a four-year program to pursue the Master of Architecture and the Master of Landscape Architecture at the same time. Architects in Canada need to complete a bachelor’s or master’s degree in Architecture. Arrange for the official results to be sent electronically to the University of Toronto by the testing agency. This professional course of study is highly demanding with a large propo ... Laurentian University Canada. Drop in from 3 p.m. to 4 p.m. Pacific Time to ask our coordinators your questions about our graduate programs. Carefully read through the Portfolio information and specifications before uploading your portfolio. The Master of Architecture (MArch) is a professional degree program offered by the John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design. The dual degree is certified with both the Canadian Architectural Certification Board and the Canadian Society of Landscape Architects. Canada / Architecture and Construction / Architecture; ... Carleton University Canada. Take part in Canada’s first online architecture program. Canada Architecture and Architectural University Programs. ... Select country. Note: All documents being sent or handed in to the Daniels Faculty should clearly indicate applicant number and full legal name of applicant on packaging unless being sent directly from an institution. Students may apply for a two-year or a three-year professional Master of Architecture degree. +, The Master of Advanced Studies in Architecture (MASA) is a post-professional research degree offered in a two-year curriculum. Compare 1 Universities & Colleges on fees, courses, scholarships, acceptance rate & eligibility requirements to study masters in Architecture in Canada. 30 Postgraduate Architecture courses in Canada. Architecture studies prepares students to design homes and buildings for private clients and corporations. Students might learn how to use a variety of computer programs to design a functional space. This page shows a selection of the available Bachelors programmes in Canada. If you already have a design degree or advanced design education, you may receive advanced placement into a two-year variant, subject to faculty approval.Typical course of studyYear oneTERM ONE 1. courses ... including "Best match" universities with the latest entry requirements. These should demonstrate academic communication skills and be from previous university courses if available and should not exceed approximately 20 pages. After your degree, you will also complete a 3-year internship in your province as part of your professional training, and take a standardized exam. All applicants are required to submit an online portfolio of creative work on the Online Admissions Application. Attend a university to become an architect in Canada. Domestic applicants must complete an appropriate bachelor’s degree, or its equivalent, with a final year average of at least mid-B from a recognized university prior to the start of the academic term applied to. It is a highly demanding three-year program that includes design studios alongside courses in history and theory, technical and material systems, and design media. My current qualification is from . It has graduated more than 300 students, many of whom now occupy senior positions in the profession. Carefully read the information below for guidelines on each supporting document.Â. Usually, Master’s Programs in Canada range from one to two years and usually include a mixture of coursework and Submissions are due by 11:59pm (EST; Eastern Standard Time). These degrees typically take 5-7 years to complete. The three-year Master of Architecture degree requires the completion of 119 credits, which includes your graduate project. ARCH 512 Architectural Structures I 5. If a referee has not received the email, please ask them to check their Junk Mail folder. Favourites. Both forms are required. You can also read more about Architecture degrees in general, or about studying in Canada. It is administered by ETS (Educational Testing Service). Athabasca University and Architecture Canada, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC) have formed a partnership to offer the program, which provides 2 routes to your education in architecture. For more information, please see FIPPA and its Application to the University of Toronto.Â. Master of Architecture from Faculty of Architecture fees, admission, eligibility, application, scholarships & ranking. All applications, domestic and international, must be completed using the Online Admissions Application. In any case, interested individuals should be sure to research programs and contact admissions offices for the most current information regarding entry requirements, scholarship information and internships; and to make sure the program is currently accredited. The candidate must have a minimum GPA as required by the institution. Students who have successfully completed the Bachelor of Architectural Design at Monash University will automatically progress to the 2-year Master of Architecture. The graduate program that you are applying to may have additional requirements. 1. Attend a university to become an architect in Canada. Drop in from 3 p.m. to 4 p.m. Pacific Time to ask our coordinators your questions about our graduate programs. I have discussed this later in this post. But as per subject ranking University of Toronto is best. Grade Requirements. To become an architect, one must first earn a professional degree in the subject that has been approved by the NAAB, such as a Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) or a Master of Architecture … Application process. In Canada, Masters degrees (also known as 'grad' programmes or simply 'grad school') generally come in the form of a Master of Arts (MA) or a Master of Science (MSc). Candian Student Visa Students work in independent design or research-based studies in collaboration with faculty members engaged in certain research themes. Language 3. ARCH 504 Architectural History I 4. The candidate must be proficient in the English language. For mature students or those who do not have writing samples from previous educational courses, please submit a published or professional writing. ... including "Best match" universities with the latest entry requirements. Please note: Applicants submitting English proficiency testing may be asked for further demonstration of their English proficiency. Like the UK, there are also specialist Master degrees in a range of subjects, such as the Master of Fine Arts (MFA), the Master of Engineering (MEng) and the Master of Business Administration (MBA). This qualifying undergraduate degree must have been completed within 5 years of the proposed commencement of the Masters program. Hard copies will not be reviewed. With programs such as Architecture + Urbanism, MIT aims to teach and help implement architecture and de… Views. The traditional route of completing pre-professional training (the Bachelor of Science in Architecture (BSc Arch)), followed by a Masters of Architecture (from another university), and internship. A Masters in Architecture could be for you, allowing you to develop your skills in both the practical and theoretical aspects of the subject, and preparing you for a range of architecture careers. It is not recommended that an applicant include their photograph on their CV or any other application materials. Accreditation. English courses available. This program provides a thorough base of knowledge in history, theory, technology, ecology, society, and professional practice, while developing skills in design through an intensive sequence of design studio courses. The Master of Advanced Studies in Architecture (MASA) is a post-professional research degree offered in a two-year curriculum. For which TOEFL and IELTS are there. Compare 9 Universities & Colleges on fees, courses, scholarships, acceptance rate & eligibility requirements to study masters in Architecture in USA. For which TOEFL and IELTS are there. Building with wood, design for climate change and digital fabrication are three areas of study for advanced graduate work, including a final design Thesis. Admissions requirements include a bachelor's degree in architecture and presentation of a professional portfolio. The dual degree is certified with Students might learn how to use a variety of computer program… Applicants holding a pre-professional Bachelor of Architectural Studies from the University of Waterloo or equivalent degree are considered for entry into year two of the MArch program. Toronto, ON M5S 2J5 After payment is made, we recommend checking with each referee to ensure they have received the automatic email request. Master of Landscape Architecture. 48. Accreditation. Students holding a pre-professional Bachelor of Architectural Studies (BAS) from the University of Waterloo (or an equivalent degree to the BAS from another university) can complete the Master of Architecture degree requirements in a minimum of three terms and up to a maximum of six terms. Students admitted with advanced standing status will be placed into the third semester of the 3 year program, reducing the duration of their studies to 2 years. In Canada, the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB) is the sole agency authorized by the Canadian Architectural Licensing Authorities (CALA) to accredit Canadian professional degree programs in architecture for the purposes of architectural licensure. Memorial University is one of the Cheapest Universities in Canada for Masters degree. It is highly recommended that applicants confirm referee availability prior to submitting contact details. All letters of reference must be received by the document deadline. 1 Spadina Crescent Three letters of reference are required for each application. Master of Landscape Architecture. ... Individuals who possess a four-year non-professional Bachelor’s degree in architectural studies, environmental design, or a comparable degree focusing on the built environment may qualify for admission into the Master of Architecture program with advanced standing. Students work in independent design or research-based studies in collaboration with faculty members engaged in certain research themes. Your statement is an opportunity to provide information not found elsewhere in your application. Professional architectural accreditation in Canada requires four years of architectural subjects, plus two years of non-architectural subjects (general studies) to broaden one's education. Letters of reference will be part of the official student academic record; they are confidential and applicants/students will not have access to them. Requirements for doing masters in Canada: The following are the requirements for doing masters in Canada: 1. Applicants are recommended to have completed courses in high school calculus and physics as well as an university level architectural history course. Read on to find out about common Masters in Architecture degree types, entry requirements… Format: Full-time. The candidate must have a minimum GPA as required by the institution. Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Fax: (403) 284-4399 Advanced standing is determined by the Admissions Committee, following a thorough review of an applicant's admission materials (portfolio, transcript, cv, letters of reference, AP Eligibility Summary form). Students interested in being considered for advanced standing status must apply directly to the Master of Architecture – Advanced Standing option on the Online Admissions Application. The dual degree program harmonizes architectural design with ecological consciousness to create an inclusive understanding of built and natural environments. 1. T + 416-978-5038, International Credentials Equivalency Tool, FIPPA and its Application to the University of Toronto, Supplying your self-reported English proficiency, Making the non-refundable and non-transferrable $185 application fee payment. In some cases invitations for interviews are based on final Grade 11 marks. Applicants who receive an offer of admission will be required to submit official hard copy transcripts to the John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design prior to registration. The 3-year professional Master’s degree is offered for students who do not have an undergraduate background in architecture. In Canada, Masters degrees (also known as 'grad' programmes or simply 'grad school') generally come in the form of a Master of Arts (MA) or a Master of Science (MSc). Studying in Canada is much more affordable than many other countries. THE World Ranking: 501. Individuals who possess a four-year non-professional Bachelor’s degree in architectural studies, environmental design, or a comparable degree focusing on the built environment may qualify for admission into the Master of Architecture program with advanced standing. Check this article’s resource section for universities that offer architecture programs. 1) Check Eligibility. The required minimum scores and further details on how to submit test results are listed on the School of Graduate Studies website. This requirement should be met at the time of application. In the Faculty of Environmental Design, we are committed to research and teaching that prepares architects for the future through responsive architecture, generative design, digital fabrication and integrated techniques - to be critical thinkers who engage with emerging forms of design practice in an increasingly interconnected design environment. Eligibility Criteria for Studying Masters in Canada A majority of the universities in Canada require the applicant to have 16 years of education – a four- year Bachelor’s degree. Although applicants provide referee information before payment, the system will not notify referees until after payment is processed. Also McGill University is good. Computer or Paper based. ARCH 502 Introductory Workshop 3. In order to study in Canada and get admission, the students must start preparing one or two years in advance. The Master of Architecture (MArch) graduate degree program offers an accredited three-year curriculum. David W. Strangway Award For Excellence, 2017 is a Partial Funding international scholarship offered by the Quest University … Application process. Architecture. 6843. 21. 30 Postgraduate Architecture courses in Canada. The Master of Architecture is a professional graduate degree, leading to certification with the Canadian Architectural Certification Board. If they still have not received the request, applicants have the ability to re-send the request through the Online Admissions Application. Our student services coordinators are hosting online office hours each Monday, beginning on November 23. Canada University of Toronto emails will sometimes be blocked by email security filters. A degree from a recognized university with a mid-B average in the final year of study is required. The decision of the Admissions Committee is final and will not be revisited. But as per subject ranking University of Toronto is best. Transcripts from all post-secondary institutions attended must be submitted electronically on the Online Admissions Application. Athabasca University and Architecture Canada, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC) have formed a partnership to offer the program, which provides 2 routes to your education in architecture. You must repeat a course, or substitute with an approved alternate course, if a course mark is less than B- (70%). Applicant’s curriculum vitae (resume) must be submitted electronically on the Online Admissions Application. If you're interested in studying a Architecture degree in Canada you can view all 25 Masters programmes. Here are 10 cheap universities in Canada for international students. Learn more. Master of Architecture Our student services coordinators are hosting online office hours each Monday, beginning on November 23. The candidate must be proficient in the English language. Course price ranging from INR 888,284 - INR 3,066,524 with a max.Hurry the courses start from 05 Jan 2021. No programs meet your search criteria. (Maximum word count: 750 words). Carefully read the Transcripts page for submission instructions. The Master of Architecture (MArch) is a two-year degree program. Course price ranging from INR 888,284 - INR 3,066,524 with a max.Hurry the courses start from 05 Jan 2021. In Canada, the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB) is the sole agency authorized by the Canadian Architectural Licensing Authorities (CALA) to accredit Canadian professional degree programs in architecture for the purposes of architectural licensure. Check this article’s resource section for universities that offer architecture programs. Professional requirements for architects vary from place to place, but usually consist of three elements: a university degree or advanced education, a period of internship or training in an office, and examination for registration with a jurisdiction.. One needs to register with the provincial association of Architects. It has graduated more than 300 students, many of whom now occupy senior positions in the profession. The Master of Advanced Studies in Architecture (MASA) is a post-professional research degree offered in a two-year curriculum. Hello there, Bio-technology programs in Canada are offered as a bachelor’s degree, graduate diploma, masters degree, and doctoral degree. University of British Columbia School of Architecture 6333 Memorial Road Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2 Fax: (604) 822-3808 University of CalgarySchool of Architecture, Planning and Landscape 2500 University Drive N.W. The Master of Architecture (MArch) is a two-year degree program. Applicants holding a pre-professional Bachelor of Architectural Studies from the University of Waterloo or equivalent degree are considered for entry into year two of the MArch program. A Master’s degree in Canada will cost you something between CAD $16,250 (INR 8.5 Lacs) and CAD $28,650 (INR 15 Lacs) annually. View 1 Architecture course 11426. views. 36551. Applicants must submit one to two samples of writing electronically on the Online Admissions Application. Requirements for doing masters in Canada: The following are the requirements for doing masters in Canada: 1. Minimum Academic Requirements. Many universities and colleges in Canada offer English-taught Master's degrees. Do not use this function as a reminder for your referee. Also McGill University is good. The vast majority of Architects complete a bachelor’s or master’s degree in architecture from a university program approved by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB). Self-report the test results on the online admission application as instructed and; One needs to complete the Architecture registration examination. They may also learn how to professionally collaborate with clients and within teams. There are no page limits or specific requirements; however, we encourage applicants to edit this carefully. Earning a masters usually requires two years of full-time study, which amounts to 36 to 54 semester credits. An alternative way to become an Architect is through the “apprenticeship” offered through the RAIC Syllabus Program . Please refine your filters. There are many top universities in Canada which offers these courses. Canadian universities may require completion of a Bachelor’s in Architecture as well as advanced courses in maths and physics. Other options within this field of study: University of British Columbia - Faculty of Applied Science. Nationality. The subject of the writing samples is less important than the quality of writing and clarity of ideas. This professional course of study is highly demanding with a large proportion of the curriculum being required coursework. There are many top universities in Canada which offers these courses. Unless otherwise stated, information is submitted electronically. Only digital submittals will be accepted. Favourites. Architectural design. Use our website to find information about degrees and career paths from around the world and speak directly with admissions officers at the schools and universities that interest you. Browse through the list of Canadian Architecture and Architectural bachelor, masters, and doctorate courses, programs and degrees offered by universities in Canada. If you're interested in studying a Architecture degree in Canada you can view all 23 Bachelors programmes.You can also read more about Architecture degrees in general, or about studying in Canada.Many universities and colleges in Canada offer English-taught Bachelor's degrees. Academic requirements 2. Do not apply to both the MArch Advanced Standing option and the MArch 3 year program. This page shows a selection of the available Masters programmes in Canada. Architecture is the art and science of environmental design. Failure to maintain an acceptable academic standing could result in you being asked to withdraw from the program. The dual degree option is a four-year program to pursue the Master of Architecture and the Master of Landscape Architecture at the same time. Hotcourses India offer free guidance and admission service on best Canada Architecture Schools, Colleges and Universities. Average annual cost to pursue an UG bio-tech program in Canada ranges from … An Admission Information Form is … Degree Earned: Master of Architecture (MArch). If your first language is not English, you may need to meet our English language requirements. Students who went straight from high school into a university architecture program, without studying other university subjects, must complete at least one full year of non-architecture courses at a university to be eligible for BEDS admission. Latest information about Architecture and Design Scholarships for International students in Canada, 2020-21. Within this challenging program, opportunities to develop an individual identity and special skills are made possible through the selection of special topic design studios, thoughtful engagement with electives, and especially through the execution of the Graduation Project. In addition to all application requirements listed above (CV, portfolio, references, transcript, language exam scores if applicable), Advanced Standing applicants are required to complete the Eligibility Summary form and Alternate Consideration webform if they wish to be considered for advanced standing status. Looking for MS in Architecture in Canada? Some of the popular masters programs to study in Canada: Masters in Canada: 20,000 to 30,000 CAD (annual) MBA in Canada: 21,000 to 105,000 CAD (overall costs). A master’s degree in Architecture may be preferred. Canada offers low tuition rates for international and domestic students. Looking for MS in Architecture in USA? The professional Master of Architecture is a rigorous and comprehensive program, preparing graduates for the full range of activities in architecture.It provides a thorough base of knowledge in history, theory, technology, ecology, society, and professional practice, while developing skills in design through an intensive sequence of design studio courses. Graduate Architecture Programs: Overview Graduate architecture programs enable students to earn masters and doctorate degrees, as well as graduate certificates. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Also known as MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technologyis a world-leading university, particularly in the fields of science, technology, and business. Established in 1972, the Master of Landscape Architecture (MLA) program was the first graduate program of its kind in Canada. +. Views. Home; Programs; Architecture; Program Overview. *See the Advanced Standing section below for details. Applicants whose primary language is not English and who graduated from a university where the language of instruction and examination is not English must provide proof of English language proficiency. Employment Requirements: A bachelor’s degree from any recognized university. Hello there, Bio-technology programs in Canada are offered as a bachelor’s degree, graduate diploma, masters degree, and doctoral degree. What is Architecture and Architectural? These letters of reference are submitted electronically on the Online Admissions Application and are only shared among the programs listed on the application. A mixture of science or maths and humanities or arts subjects is preferred, but not essential. Review (1) courses Dalhousie University ... Athabasca University Canada. Whether you've completed undergraduate studies in architecture or in another field, the Master of Architecture is the key to meeting the academic requirements leading to registration as Architect. To become an architect, one must first earn a professional degree in the subject that has been approved by the NAAB, such as a Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) or a Master of Architecture … The purpose of the Alternate Consideration webform is to confirm your willingness to be considered for the 3-year Master of Architecture program if, through the careful review of your application, it is determined that you are not eligible for Advanced Standing. Language 3. Meeting the minimum requirements for advanced standing does not guarantee placement.Â. Earning a masters usually requires two years of full-time study, which amounts to 36 to 54 semester credits. Once supporting documents are submitted they become the property of the University of Toronto and cannot be returned.​, All supporting documents listed below are mandatory and must be submitted on the Online Admissions Application. Access the office hours here. A masters is the first level of graduate coursework and can be obtained after you receive a bachelor’s degree. Getting admission to a Canadian university can be a hard fight since the number of applicants are far more than the prospective students to be accepted. Recommended preparatory courses are not considered during the application review process. Students who have not taken these courses are encouraged to apply. Select country. Ontario Secondary School Diploma Six 4U/M courses, including: English (ENG4U) Find equivalent requirements for Canadian high school systems, US high school system, International Baccalaureate, British-Patterned Education, French-Patterned Education, CAPE, and other international high school systems. Applicants expecting to graduate this academic year but still attending their college or university must upload their current, in-progress college or university transcript to the application. Sit close to the instructor's lecture position; offer to do hands-on demonstrations when the instructor asks for volunteers. Academic requirements 2. Established in 1972, the Master of Landscape Architecture (MLA) program was the first graduate program of its kind in Canada. Learn more. Like the UK, there are also specialist Master degrees in a range of subjects, such as the Master of Fine Arts (MFA), the Master of Engineering (MEng) and the Master of Business Administration (MBA). Sit close to the instructor's lecture position; offer to do hands-on demonstrations when the instructor asks for volunteers. See the Architecture website for further details about the admission process. Academic Requirements. The College of Architecture Design at Lawrence Technological University in Michigan offers an online Master of Architecture degree program. Top Master Programs in Architecture in Canada 2021, The Master of Architecture (MArch) graduate degree program offers an accredited three-year curriculum. However, there are certain exceptions. The Master’s degree in Architecture draws heavily upon the study of northern community needs coupled with an integrated approach to building systems for northern climates. GRE stands for Graduate Record Examination.