I am here to show you just how to add gold foil textures to brush lettering in Procreate. Make Images Vintage with Texture. The basic first step here, as with any art project, is getting your canvas ready! Go to Layer Style > Outer Glow and use the settings shown in the image below. Gold Color Code How To Make Gold Font Photoshop Effects - Download our free Gold Color Code How To Make Gold Font Photoshop Effects! Step 9. Select below the middle of the gradient and repeat steps 6-8 to create a darker shade of the base color. Pick a base color that's close to the kind of gold you want to emulate, then use gradients and satin over them. There are many different ways to make an image look vintage in Photoshop… To do that, go to the “ Adjustment” from the “ Image” option and click on the Black & White. Open Photoshop and make a new file at any size you want. 2 Bring up the "Swatches" window. Step 2. How to create a glitter texture in Photoshop. Target specific color in the photo. To bring Gold Colors in Photoshop, you have to turn the object into black and white. Set the Blend Mode to “Normal, the color to #967642 and the Opacity to 100%. Bask in awe at the brilliant golden image you have created. I have always envied the new apple logo. Then, from the drop-down menu, select Gold-Crimson. I’m trying to create a coin and I’m stuck on one point… At approx 12:57 min into the video you select the outer ring to create a new layer (in the Polygon 1 copy)… How did you make the selection? Drag and drop your image into your document. all the forums have instructions for In-Design, Illustrator, but not for Photoshop. Take the Dodge Tool and make sure that in the Options Bar range is Highlight and Exposure is 100%. Click on the light areas to create bright highlight spots. A value of 5% or below is sufficient for the purpose of creating a metal look. Of course there are tons of different ways to make them, either in Illustrator or in Photoshop. Now add a “Gradient Overlay” to the background layer using the settings below. I hope by introducing these nuggets you will understand the important role of layer effects using Photoshop in advanced. In this short tutorial, see how award-winning artist and illustrator Lidia Lukianova raises her vector drawing using layer styles in Adobe Photoshop. IMPORTANT: copy (command+C) the hexidecimal value of the color at the bottom of the window (highlighted in blue). Make sure the background content is set to white. This will be where you do your work. There are lots of different ways to make a gold effect in Photoshop, so I'm going to show you how using layer styles makes it possible to reuse your hard work over any other element without having to make the effect all over again. An oil-rubbed bronze faux finish gives just about any material an aged metal appearance -- no oil or bronze required. You can make any color foil texture from this too, but it’s easy to just start with Gold as a base. The next time you want to apply this same Gold Style to another layer, simply go to Window > Styles (to display the styles) and click on the Gold Style thumbnail we just created. This Site Might Help You. For example, I have a … To make a gold RGB color you will need to make color “recipes” then use these recipes to create gradients in Canva, PowerPoint, Word, Photoshop or any other program that supports this function. How to Make a Random Pattern Fill in Photoshop, How to Easily Make a Cartoon Effect From Any Photo in Photoshop, How to Make a Bad Photocopy Effect in Photoshop, How to Quickly Emulate a Lomo Photo Effect in Photoshop, How to Make a Classic Rose Gold Effect in Photoshop. To make it look more like a thick paper, you can add a layer style with Drop Shadow, Bevel and Emboss and Inner Glow. The texture was given a different name to differentiate it. The classic illustration style used on money is something I’ve always wanted to figure out how to replicate in Photoshop. Not only is it super helpful for Photoshop novices, but it also contains various gold finishes we're sure you'll love. You can experiment with alternative effects depending on how you want your final image to appear. If you enjoyed this article we'd really appreciate a quick share. This step will require patience and some work with the gradient map function itself. This Photoshop tutorial explains how to make a simple gold text effect by using some layer styles, namely the Gradient Overlay layer style! This will bring up a new window for gradient adjustments. Set the Scale to 100%, the Depth to +2% and be sure to have the “Invert” and “Link with Layer” options checked. October 16, 2015 at 12:21 pm. Press on the Add Layer Mask button to create the rounded corners. This sparked my creative muse and I am now interested as to how this is done. Open a new document. Place your copy of the Hopkins source image below the ear layer so you can match the shape. Choose two variations of the color you want, a light version and a dark version. You can’t look for the perfect feminine quote without it done up in pretty gold foil. Today we're going to learn how to use Photoshop to make that abstract-looking art with a glitched look. Don’t overdo this, as we will do this on another layer. The photos produced by the Lomo Kompakt Automat (Lomo LC-A) use a color reproduction that's not exactly "true-to-life". To make your gold look more convincing and realistic, you will want to add texture to it. Drag and drop the image into the canvas. After getting the Black and white effect, press Enter. Add another adjustment layer: Levels. But how the heck can you do it digitally using the Procreate app on the iPad Pro? October 21, 2019 in Tutorial // Resetting Text Attributes to Their Default in Photoshop August 9, 2019 in Quick Tips // Photoshop’s Share Button December 14, 2018 in Tutorial // Adding Snow with After Effects and Photoshop November 27, 2018 in The Green Room // The Green Room – 1: Stick That in Your Pineapple October 29, 2018 in After Effects // Animated Handwriting Techniques You can also youse CMYK mode if you are comfortable, just as long as it's consistent throughout the document. Create a new layer (Shift+Ctrl+N) and fill it with #d2d2d2 color by using the Paint Bucket Tool (G). I hope by introducing these nuggets you will understand the important role of layer effects using Photoshop in advanced. Make a bold statement with this striking Photoshop effects pack. In this tutorial I’ll show you how to create a shiny gold text effect in Photoshop. Don't limit yourself to the Effects panel. I have received quite a few emails asking me how to create an embroidery effect in Photoshop. Thanks for your help! Now, select the “Ellipse Tool” (U) and drag out a big ellipse onto the canvas. Scroll down the list of available brushes until you come across one that looks like a fancy "X". From the patterns thumbnails select “Parchment”. Learn how to create an embossed look in Adobe Photoshop using the Bevel and Emboss layer styles. I have always envied the new apple logo. As you may see, making a gold style in Photoshop is very simple, and from this point you can make any variations you like, from changing the Bevel & Emboss colors and texture, to add a drop shadow and glowing effects to achieve a unique style to use on your designs. This is my (relatively) simple way of making a believable gold texture in Adobe Photoshop. Step 7. Step 11 Drag and drop the image into the canvas. Create a new document (Ctrl + N) with the dimensions 2274 x 2540 with any colored background. Create a new PSD file 1300x1300px. Diego prevents carpal tunnel syndrome in designers worldwide by making incredible time-saving Photoshop actions and mock-ups. I would like to know how to add crop marks to a file in Photoshop please for the convenience of the printers bleed cut. So one of these days while running I sort of had this idea of using the Scribble effect in Illustrator and then going to Photoshop to make it look real. Photoshop Training Channel says. In this episode of Adobe Creative Cloud TV, Terry White shows how to make objects in Photoshop look like metal or plastic. At first, click on layer 1 and press CTRL + J to copy that layer. Make sure you already separated the object you want to glow from the rest of the image. The easiest way to do that is to first click inside the Size value box to make it active. Metallic paper and printing processes make the surface reflective, so you have no need to mimic it in Photoshop. Play with the levels to add some more contrast and make the colorized object look more realistic. For this step, the sample image is a shark stock image. Notice that the active selection prevents any paint from going within or inside the gold text. You can create all sorts of plastic, glass, water, ice, or metal styles. The embroidered text should now look like this. Check them out! Finally, click OK in the Layer Style Panel to apply the new style to our text layer. Designing with an embossed effect is a great way to highlight your creativity. But after you learn how to make it you will be able to make any modifications you like and even create a brand new style using more advanced techniques. Then in Photoshop CC, click the Create button, or in CS6, click OK: Setting the Width, Height and Resolution of the new document. Read more. Gold is a mixture of at least two different color yellow tones that create highlights and shadows that mimic a metallic effect. Introducing Slides with Friends, a new remote tool from Medialoot! Make sure that you have appropriate value placement on the gradient map, or else the final image will look weird. To make the change look more realistic and add some contrast and details, hold Ctrl/Cmd and click on the layer mask. So one of these days while running I sort of had this idea of using the Scribble effect in Illustrator and then going to Photoshop to make it look real. Click "OK" to exit from the gradient map window. I have received quite a few emails asking me how to create an embroidery effect in Photoshop. To make things a little more interesting, we're going to apply two styles of gold effect to the artwork. Turns out, to make such effect is not hard and can be done within 3 minutes of work. Diego Sanchez. Select the background layer from within the layers window, then right click and go to “Layer From Background”. October 21, 2019 in Tutorial // Resetting Text Attributes to Their Default in Photoshop August 9, 2019 in Quick Tips // Photoshop’s Share Button December 14, 2018 in Tutorial // Adding Snow with After Effects and Photoshop November 27, 2018 in The Green Room // The Green Room – 1: Stick That in Your Pineapple October 29, 2018 in After Effects // Animated Handwriting Techniques all the forums have instructions for In-Design, Illustrator, but not for Photoshop. 4. There are lots of different ways to make a gold effect in Photoshop, so I'm going to show you how using layer styles makes it possible to reuse your hard work over any other element without having to make the effect all over again.​. Finally, go to Filter > Blur > Motion Blur and set the Angle to 0 & Distance to 40 pixels (image 3c). Click the opposite end of the gradient and repeat steps 2-4, but with a different color. Once you are done, you’ll be able to save this style and apply it wherever you like. Use a texture stock image (labeled for reuse). In this tutorial I will show you how to create a gold layer style in Photoshop from scratch using only the default Photoshop tools. We start with an image with a transparent background – this is usually either a png or a gif file. Open the image you want to edit with Photoshop. Press on the Add Layer Mask button to create the rounded corners. Gold Color Code How To Make Gold Font Photoshop Effects - Download our free Gold Color Code How To Make Gold Font Photoshop Effects! Keep the Control key pressed and click on the Layer Thumbnail to make a selection from layer. In this example, the gold texture used previously was opened in Photoshop and a large Motion Blur effect was applied (2000px) to result in a brushed gold metal effect. Go to Layer Style > Bevel & Emboss and use the following settings. I’m using a square canvas that’s 800x800px at 72ppi in RGB color mode. Step 10. Using the Type Tool (T) type your text using a big font size. Some images may contain licenses that you cannot use for commercial activities. There are three different tabs from which you can select the alternative colour effects. To give the image a vintage look, switch to the Abstract tab. Open the Image in Photoshop, then go to Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation . Duplicate the background layer FIVE TIMES and hide the top 4 layers, leaving just the one directly above the background layer visible: We will focus on the “Background copy” layer first and as the tutorial progresses, we will un-hide other layers and apply filters and adjustments to those layers as well. You may want to adjust the opacity of the texture layer to soften the impact on the base image. Use the transform tool to enlarge the document to cove the whole area. Using blending options, we’ll turn the text into a gold one and at the end, we’ll enhance the text by adding more focus to it, creating lights and adding a vignette effect. If you've ever wanted to turn any part of your digital art project into gold, I hope this helps! Although they're a bit more time consuming to make in Photoshop rather than in Illustrator, sometimes for whatever reason (particular software requirements or a request from your client) we have no choice but to make them in Photoshop. As I created before 3 projects in Photoshop Tips about layer Effects in Photoshop, but today again I am with a new text Effect here inside Photoshop.I will show you create silver text effect using Photoshop with your name or your brand name. Some images may contain licenses that you cannot use for commercial activities. I realize you can add in the printer settings for my home printer but that's no use to an outsourced professional printing company. Reply. The checkered background in Photoshop means that there is no background. Next, go to Filter > Noise > Add Noise and increase the amount to 400%, set Distribution to Uniform & check the Monochromatic option. And in the New Document dialog box, set the Width of your document to 1600 Pixels, the Height to 800 Pixels, and the Resolution to 72 pixels/inch. Layering paint and tinted glaze is the key to creating the look on just about any hard surface, whether the project piece is made of metal, plastic, wood or laminate. It is a really nice effect and I had no idea how to do that in Photoshop. This image is of my own stock and you may use it freely for anywhere. In this tutorial we will show you how to create a nice gold text effect using this powerful tool. Select "Add Noise" and click the "Gaussian" radio button. Every share makes a big difference and helps us write more tutorials and content. Get site updates, freebies, and MediaLoot news. Double-click on the " Background Pattern " layer to open the layer style window. Ctrl-click on the “Gold” layer to select it. Thanks! I would like to know how to add crop marks to a file in Photoshop please for the convenience of the printers bleed cut. Copy from original statue, lower opacity, use free transform to make them look like Hopkins ears and mask out parts you don't want. Before clicking the OK button, click on the “New Style” button. Click the "Monochromatic" check box and then adjust the amount of noise using the slider. I love the flexibility of Photoshop! Click on the 0 point of the gradient bar (the black box below the far left edge of the gradient). To start improving the 3D look, we are going to accentuate the lights and shadows on the edges. I’m trying to create a coin and I’m stuck on one point… At approx 12:57 min into the video you select the outer ring to create a new layer (in the Polygon 1 copy)… How did you make the selection? Read more. October 16, 2015 at 12:21 pm. You'll almost always have to use various black/white or light/dark gradients in overlay or multiply mode, and satin effects often help. Save the file as “Gold Text Effect.psd”. How to Make a Classic Rose Gold Effect in Photoshop. Just remember that a true metallic print looks best when made from a high contrast file (in my opinion), so getting your file as close to the desired end result as possible will most likely result in the print looking how you want it. There are many different ways to make an image look vintage in Photoshop. If you need to add bling or sheen to any of your designs (either on a small portion of your design or on a headline) this tutorial is for you. Use a texture stock image (labeled for reuse). There are of course many different ways to achieve this effect, and today I'll show you a very simple method to stylize your images with a Lomo effect in less than 5 minutes.​Read more, Making a Rose Gold effect in Photoshop to produce a soft and luxurious look is easy, all you have to do is use the Camera Raw Filter. Label the fir… This wikiHow teaches you how to make a photo appear as if it were taken long ago. NOTE: I'm using Mac OS X for this instructable, so when I say "command," that would mean "ctrl" for Windows users. In this tutorial we are going to learn how to create a brushed copper texture in Photoshop from scratch using filters.. Then use the Up Arrow key on your keyboard to slowly increase the value. To make the text look more like solid gold, close up the space inside the letters by increasing the Size of the Bevel and Emboss effect. Not only is it super helpful for Photoshop novices, but it also contains various gold finishes we're sure you'll love. Now we will apply a layer style to add some dimension to the chrome letters. Although the values used will depend on your particular image, the values you will see here in this tutorial can be used as a good basis for any image, and then you can adjust these values to fine-tune your image because we will use a non-destructive process.​Read more, About | License | Terms & Privacy | Member Perks | © 2019 Medialoot. This Site Might Help You. Click the drop-down menu for the "blending styles" above the layer pallete. Give the style a name, be sure to check the “Include Layer Effects” option and click OK. Create a new layer just below the Shadow layer and name it Stitched Border. After painting, use Select > Deselect (Ctrl + D) to deselect. This will place it as a layer on top of the base image. Lady Gaga Cosplay - 2020 VMA's Halloween Costume. Photoshop 101, gold plated effect, wedding invitation designs In this short tutorial, see how award-winning artist and illustrator Lidia Lukianova raises her vector drawing using layer styles in Adobe Photoshop. This technique can be reproduced in Photoshop in a few simple steps and with much more control over the final result than if we tried to do it the old way (moving the an actual piece of printed paper sheet on a photocopier in different directions).​Read more, The Lomo photo effect still is a very popular photographic style for those seeking an unusual sepia-esque effect for their images. Again, experiment with these settings to get something that is really starting to look like gold reflections. The classic illustration style used on money is something I’ve always wanted to figure out how to replicate in Photoshop. RE: How do you create objects look metallic silver in photoshop? It’s really, really easy. This is the final result for the vintage old photo effect made in Photoshop using textures, brushes and adjustments. As I created before 3 projects in Photoshop Tips about layer Effects in Photoshop, but today again I am with a new text Effect here inside Photoshop.I will show you create silver text effect using Photoshop with your name or your brand name. Be sure to use “Black” as Background Contents. RE: How do you create objects look metallic silver in photoshop? Layer styles are one of Photoshop's most powerful and fun features. Download a copy of this imageand load it into Photoshop. With variation, this instructable should work with any image you choose. If you don't see the "Layers" window on the right side of Photoshop, first click the Windows tab at the top of Photoshop, then check the Layers option. This effect is inspired by photographs taken with a camera made in 1984 called "Lomo Kompakt Automat". After lots of trial and […] How to Create a Copper Metal Texture from Scratch in Adobe Photoshop. After lots of trial and […] May 15, 2019. This turned out wonderfully! Open an image in Photoshop. With the text layer active, go to Layer > Layer Style > Bevel & Emboss and apply the following settings. Go to Select > Modify > Expand and expand by 5 pixels. Diego Sanchez. Thanks for your help! Photoshop CS6 has many useful features which save time and increase productivity (see our free Photoshop actions for more information), helping you create amazing images and special effects with ease. Share it with us! Use the interface to create a lighter hue. Open a new file (File > New) in Adobe Photoshop with the following settings. In this tutorial we are going to learn how to create a brushed copper texture in Photoshop from scratch using filters.. You can make the document larger/smaller in size but it is important to be a square and not a rectangle. During work remember to frequently use File > Save (Ctrl + … Mockups Design is a site where you can find free premium mockups that can be used in your private and commercial work. Select "Filter" from the menu bar and then click "Noise." I realize you can add in the printer settings for my home printer but that's no use to an outsourced professional printing company. Doing this will unlock the background making it editable. Check them out! The final product should have your foreground and background color as the gradient shown on screen. Because we’re doing Gold today, these are the colors I chose for Light Gold and Dark Gold. Click on the gradient in the gradient map window. This modified image was then copied into the Illustrator document and added to the texture manager library as before. A good rule of thumb is to keep the darker values in the center of the gradient, leaving the lighter ones on the outside. Then change … Click on the Pattern thumbnail, then on the Gear icon at the top right and from the dropdown menu select “Artist Surfaces”. We'll be using Photoshop layer styles to achieve the effect as well as the somewhat obscure Type Mask tool. Add a second curves adjustment layer on top (make sure it’s clipped too) now you can really shape the way you want the chrome to look, make it bright, or dark depending on the look you are after. As you do, you'll see the letters filling in from the outer edges towards the centers. This will bring up the color picker window. Get ten Photoshop files along with helpful instructions. Larger is good, because you can always cut it down. If the image isn't up to size with your canvas, use the transform tool (command+T) to enlarge it to the document margins. Go to Pattern Overlay, and then click on the Pattern box and select the newly added Pattern01. But we don't need this type of camera to make this effect anymore, because we can easily emulate it in Photoshop. Choose the Texture box under Bevel and Emboss as well. Make Images Vintage with Texture. Comments. This will place it as a layer on top of the base image. Double-click on the " Background Pattern " layer to open the layer style window. But it really depends on what you’re using it for. This will ensure best image and print quality. Select "Add Noise" and click the "Gaussian" radio button. Observation of different metal objects in various lights will teach you the "look" of different types. Adobe Photoshop has everything you need to manipulate a photo. The reason I did this step is that I would like to make the light sort of coming from the sky and create some depth for the image. (If you have a later version of Photoshop, you can also try liquifying the new ears with Hopkins face as a backdrop layer to get a perfect shape). A value of 5% or below is sufficient for the purpose of creating a metal look. If you have Tool Tips turned on in your Photoshop Preferences, you'll see that the brush is named "Crosshatch", as … Use the transform tool to enlarge the document to cove the whole area. This wikiHow teaches you how to make a photo appear as if it were taken long ago. Using the color picker window, set your base hue of gold using the color sliders and value box. To do this, the artwork is broken into two elements; the foreground details and the background arc (selected) as shown here: For the gold texture image, there are many … There’s plenty of Photoshop tutorials that show how to create a basic halftone line effect, but they never quite capture that authentic engraved look with plenty of shading and tone. 9 tileable metal textures (starnetblog_tileable_metal… Use RGB color, as it will be used throughout the document. Place your copy of the Hopkins source image below the ear layer so you can match the shape. Fortunately, instead of going through a more complicated process to make a pattern in Photoshop, there's an easy way to make them in less than 5 minutes using some of the Photoshop Fill options that can help you fill your background with a pattern randomly made from any image that you want.​Read more, You don't need a real-life photocopier to achieve the distorted "crumpled photocopy" effect. In this case I will be using Woodblock-Sans at 250 px. Did you make this project? Go to Select > Refine Edge and make these settings. You can do things with clipped … Create a new blank layer (shift+command+N). Still in the Layer Style Panel, check the Texture option. You make Photoshop fun and exciting and I look forward to every tutorial! Making a Rose Gold effect in Photoshop to produce a soft and luxurious look is easy, all you have to do is use the Camera Raw Filter. Create a new PSD file 1300x1300px. Gold is a mixture of at least two different color yellow tones that create highlights and shadows that mimic a metallic effect. Get ten Photoshop files along with helpful instructions. And yes, you can make an object look glow like the moon or lightsaber. For this document, it would be black and white. STEP 2. Going to File > New. You can make the document larger/smaller in size but it is important to be a square and not a rectangle. Apply a gradient map filter: Image > Adjustments > Gradient Map. There’s plenty of Photoshop tutorials that show how to create a basic halftone line effect, but they never quite capture that authentic engraved look with plenty of shading and tone. This will make the color the same as the previous hue selected at the opposite end of the gradient. Select "Filter" from the menu bar and then click "Noise." How to Create a Copper Metal Texture from Scratch in Adobe Photoshop. Select a pattern from one of the Photoshop presets. Gold Foil Prints. If you’re working with a photographer, have them give you files in this format. We’re going to work with the A02 layer, so make sure you turn it on! … Open an image in Photoshop. Learn how to create an embossed look in Adobe Photoshop using the Bevel and Emboss layer styles. Click the "Monochromatic" check box and then adjust the amount of noise using the slider. Photoshop Training Channel says. Copy from original statue, lower opacity, use free transform to make them look like Hopkins ears and mask out parts you don't want. To make your gold look more convincing and realistic, you will want to add texture to it. Leave the gradient window open. Change the blending mode of this layer to “Soft light” and your effect will now look like this: Step 4. Patterns are one of the most important resources a designer can use. Click "OK" to exit. Today I’m going to show you how to make a Gold Foil Texture in Photoshop. Steps to change Silver to Gold in Photoshop: 1. Paste (command+V) the hexidecimal value of the previous color into the new one. Check the Color Overlay option. One of these is the Color Lookup feature, which can be utilised to create a beautiful vintage look of a far higher quality and depth than those available on photo filter apps. Does anybody know how to make an object look metallic silver (that shines) like the apple logo on photoshop? Go to Pattern Overlay, and then click on the Pattern box and select the newly added Pattern01. Go to the Paths tab and choose Make Work Path. To make a gold RGB color you will need to make color “recipes” then use these recipes to create gradients in Canva, PowerPoint, Word, Photoshop or … Go to Select > Refine Edge and make these settings. Watch how to make a glitter texture in Photoshop on YouTube. Designing with an embossed effect is a great way to highlight your creativity. Mockups Design is a site where you can find free premium mockups that can be used in your private and commercial work. May 15, 2019. I'm using a 7 in by 5 in document for this. Make a bold statement with this striking Photoshop effects pack. How to turn something gold in photoshop? To make it look more like a thick paper, you can add a layer style with Drop Shadow, Bevel and Emboss and Inner Glow. Keep the Control key pressed and click on the Embroidered Text layer thumbnail to make a selection. There are lots of different ways to make a gold effect in Photoshop, so I'm going to show you how using layer styles makes it possible to reuse your hard work over any other element without having to make the effect all over again. Set up your document in Photoshop however you would like. If you liked this article you might like these too, check 'em out: Want to help us out? This type of texture looks good on screen, but it doesn’t work that well when it’s printed. You make Photoshop fun and exciting and I look forward to every tutorial! This icon, which resembles a rectangle with a folded corner, is at the bottom of the "Layers" window. Reply. With your light gold color sampled, switch back to your Brush tool again, and then once again right-click (Win) / Control-click (Mac) anywhere inside the Document Window to bring up the Brush options menu. Now un-hide the “Background copy … (If you have a later version of Photoshop, you can also try liquifying the new ears with Hopkins face as a backdrop layer to get a perfect shape). Metallic Foil Textures are so handy to have on hand in your resources. Comments. Does anybody know how to make an object look metallic silver (that shines) like the apple logo on photoshop? I was browsing Worth1000.com and there was a contest in which you had to make something gold. We’ll first create a paper texture background for our text effect and then we’ll add the text. Make sure your resolution is 300pixels/inch. It is a really nice effect and I had no idea how to do that in Photoshop. Create document in photoshop any size you want, for this tutorial I made mine 3000x3000 pixels, because I wanted it to be big. Adjust the scale and depth and watch how it effects the Go Media Crest. Experiment with this tool however you choose.