It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. Al-Iraq, Irak, Iraq, Republic of Iraq - a republic in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as Iraq. [120] This project not only addresses the urgent need for new residential units in Baghdad but also acts as a real symbol of progress in the war torn city, as Baghdad has not seen projects of this scale for decades.[121]. The Federation Council and the Council of Representatives compose the legislative branch of the government. [38][39] The two designers who were hired by Al-Mansur to plan the city's design were Naubakht, a Zoroastrian who also determined that the date of the foundation of the city would be astrologically auspicious, and Mashallah, a Jew from Khorasan, Iran. The federal government of Iraq has three branches: the executive, legislative, and the judicial. Mackensen, Ruth Stellhorn . Municipally, the governorate is divided into 9 municipalities, which have responsibility for local issues. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandaeans, Circassians, Sabians and Kawliya. The city historically had a predominantly Sunni population, but by the early 21st century around 82% of the city's population were Iraqi Shi'ites. The palace governor lived in the latter part of the building and the commander of the guards in the front. Solve word puzzles to develop logical and creative thinking, to … with free interactive flashcards. After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. There were cabarets and taverns, halls for backgammon and chess, live plays, concerts, and acrobats. by Garrels, Anne, and Lawrence, Vint. Over 100,000 construction workers came to survey the plans; many were distributed salaries to start the building of the city. Baghdad is the capital of Iraq. The Muslim historian al-Tabari reported an ancient prediction by Christian … Bagdad, Baghdad. Thousands of ancient manuscripts in the National Library were destroyed under Saddam's command and because of neglect by the occupying coalition forces. It is possible that this was caused by the repopulating of the city with rural residents after the multiple sackings of the late Middle Ages. ), Baghdad: The City in Verse (Harvard, 2013)[125] Baghdad joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a City of Literature in December 2015.[126]. Between 1623 and 1638, it returned to Iranian rule before falling back into Ottoman hands. The Muslim historian al-Tabari reported an ancient prediction by Christian monks that a lord named Miklas would one day build a spectacular city around the area of Baghdad. On 14 July 1958, members of the Iraqi Army, under Abd al-Karim Qasim, staged a coup to topple the Kingdom of Iraq. [62] Despite his Shi'i inclinations, Al-Basasiri received support from Sunnis and Shi'is alike, for whom opposition to the Saljuq power was a common factor. The project would include a six-star hotel, spa, an 18-hole golf course and a country club. There are a number of other locations in the wider region whose names are compounds of the word bagh, including Baghlan and Bagram in Afghanistan, Baghshan in Iran,[16] and Baghdati in Georgia, which likely share the same etymological origins. They ruled as Sultans in the name of the Abbasid caliphs (they saw themselves as being part of the Abbasid regime). Some of the important cultural institutions in the city include the National Theater, which was looted during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, but efforts are underway to restore the theatre. [34] In fact, by the time of Harun al-Rashid, Baghdad had a few thousand hammams. Example sentences with "capital of Iraq", translation memory. In 813, after the death of caliph Al-Amin, the palace was no longer used as the home for the caliph and his family. On 31 May, after the resulting Anglo-Iraqi War and after Rashid Ali and his government had fled, the Mayor of Baghdad surrendered to British and Commonwealth forces. During the 1970s and 1980s, Saddam Hussein's government spent a lot of money on new monuments, which included the al-Shaheed Monument. [9][19][20] Some scholars suggested Aramaic derivations.[9]. The Seljuks expelled the Buyid dynasty of Shiites that had ruled for some time and took over power and control of Baghdad. This wall was surrounded by another wall with a thickness of 50 m. The second wall had towers and rounded merlons, which surrounded the towers. Although some of the princes of the previous Umayyad dynasty had begun to gather and translate Greek scientific literature, the Abbasids were the first to foster Greek learning on a large scale. At this point, Baghdad was ruled by the Ilkhanate, a breakaway state of the Mongol Empire, ruling from Iran. Located along the Tigris, near the ruins of the Akkadian city of Babylon and the ancient Iranian capital of Ctesiphon, Baghdad was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Choose from 132 different sets of term:baghdad = capital of iraq. Timur left the Sarbadar prince Khwaja Mas'ud to govern Baghdad, but he was driven out when Ahmad Jalayir returned. As many as 30 movie theatres were reported to have been converted to live stages, producing a wide range of comedies and dramatic productions. [51][52][53] Baghdad was also a significant center of Islamic religious learning, with Al-Jahiz contributing to the formation of Mu'tazili theology, as well as Al-Tabari culminating the scholarship on the Quranic exegesis. متن‌های پهلوی. The first step in the establishment of the system of local government for Baghdad Province was the election of the Baghdad Provincial Council. Lows below freezing occur a couple of times per year on average. Includes free vocabulary trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague and cholera,[71] and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out.[72]. Many of the victim's bodies were then dragged through the streets of Baghdad. The Mustansiriyah madrasa, which owned an exceedingly rich library, was founded by Al-Mustansir, the second last Abbasid caliph, who died in 1242. When the Abbasid caliph, Al-Mansur, founded a completely new city for his capital, he chose the name Madinat al-Salaam or City of Peace. On street corners, storytellers engaged crowds with tales such as those later told in Arabian Nights. [57] It continued to operate even after the coming of the Mongols in 1258. [81], Al-Shaheed Monument, also known as the Martyr's Memorial, is a monument dedicated to the Iraqi soldiers who died in the Iran–Iraq War. In 1040, they destroyed the Ghaznavids, taking over their land and in 1055, Tughril Beg, the leader of the Seljuks, took over Baghdad. add example. Direct Ottoman rule was reimposed by Ali Rıza Pasha in 1831. Veja exemplos de tradução de capital of Iraq em frases, ouça a pronúncia e aprenda gramática. The city of Baghdad is the capital of Iraq. [26], The city's growth was helped by its excellent location, based on at least two factors: it had control over strategic and trading routes along the Tigris, and it had an abundance of water in a dry climate. There are reports of pressures by the Islamists to stop this tradition due to the associated gambling. In 1534, Baghdad was captured by the Ottoman Turks. The University of Baghdad is the largest university in Iraq and the second largest in the Arab world. As the capital of Iraq, Baghdad hosts the offices and residences of the federal government. Baghdad accounts for 22.2 per cent of Iraq's population and 40 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (PPP). "Ottoman administration of Iraq, 1890–1908." [57] The last two were examples of madrasa or theological college libraries. It was named after the 10th-century classical Iraqi poet Al-Mutanabbi. These official subdivisions of the city served as administrative centres for the delivery of municipal services but until 2003 had no political function. From 1851 to 1852 and from 1861 to 1867, Baghdad was governed, under the Ottoman Empire by Mehmed Namık Pasha. The basic framework of the city consists of two large semicircles about 19 km (12 mi) in diameter. As of the end of 2014, only 1,500 Assyrians remained in Dora.[77]. [3] The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. As of 2018[update], Baghdad was listed as one of the least hospitable places to live, ranked by Mercer as the world's worst major city for quality of life. [36], The four surrounding walls of Baghdad were named Kufa, Basra, Khurasan, and Syria; named because their gates pointed in the directions of these destinations. At the lowest level, the neighbourhood councils, each council represents an average of 75,000 people. For a time, Baghdad had been the largest city in the Middle East. The city saw relative revival in the latter part of the 18th century, under a Mamluk government. [79][80] Eventually, Paul Bremer, Director of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq from 11 May 2003 to 28 June 2004 ordered protection of the zoo and U.S. engineers helped to reopen the facility. The Seljuks were a clan of the Oghuz Turks from Central Asia that converted to the Sunni branch of Islam. The residents are mostly Hanbal. Baghdad is also home to the grave of Abu Hanifa where there is a cell and a mosque above it. The word that solves this crossword puzzle is 7 letters long and begins with B The city was designed as a circle about 2 km (1.2 mi) in diameter, leading it to be known as the "Round City". The President of Iraq serves as the head of state. [citation needed] Notable scholars based in Baghdad during this time include translator Hunayn ibn Ishaq, mathematician al-Khwarizmi, and philosopher Al-Kindi. In Meri, J.W. [113], The Baghdad Eye, a 198 m (650 ft) tall Ferris wheel, was proposed for Baghdad in August 2008. The historic "Assyrian Quarter" of the city, Dora, which boasted a population of 150,000 Assyrians in 2003, made up over 3% of the capital's Assyrian population then. [75] On 1 April 1941, members of the "Golden Square" and Rashid Ali staged a coup in Baghdad. In 1401, Baghdad was again sacked, by Timur. The Prime Minister of Iraq heads the executive branch of the government and selects a Council of Ministers. The dialect of Arabic spoken in Baghdad today differs from that of other large urban centres in Iraq, having features more characteristic of nomadic Arabic dialects (Versteegh, The Arabic Language). Baghdad is the capital city of Iraq. The judicial branch of the Iraqi government comprises of the Supreme Court and other federal courts and legal institutions. The original design shows a single ring of residential and commercial structures along the inside of the city walls, but the final construction added another ring inside the first. The governorate council is responsible for the governorate-wide policy. The next step was to have each of the nine district councils elect representatives from their membership to serve on the 37 member Baghdad City Council. [127] The live theatre scene received a boost during the 1990s, when UN sanctions limited the import of foreign films. The masterplans of the city (1967, 1973) were delivered by the Polish planning office Miastoprojekt-Kraków, mediated by Polservice. by Rawlinson, George. Within eight days following the 2003 invasion, however, only 35 of the 650 animals in the facility survived. In May 2010, a new residential and commercial project nicknamed Baghdad Gate was announced. [70] Baghdad became a provincial capital controlled by the Mongol Jalayirid (1400–1411), Turkic Kara Koyunlu (1411–1469), Turkic Ak Koyunlu (1469–1508), and the Iranian Safavid (1508–1534) dynasties. Look up the English to German translation of capital of Iraq in the PONS online dictionary. It was made of brick and marble. Iran launched a number of missile attacks against Baghdad in retaliation for Saddam Hussein's continuous bombardments of Tehran's residential districts. The land on which the city is built is almost entirely flat and low-lying, being of alluvial origin due to the periodic large floods which have occurred on the river. The wall itself was about 44 m thick at the base and about 12 m thick at the top. [17][18], A few authors have suggested older origins for the name, in particular the name Bagdadu or Hudadu that existed in Old Babylonian (spelled with a sign that can represent both bag and hu), and the Babylonian Talmudic name of a place called "Baghdatha". Learn term:baghdad = capital of iraq. The Republican Palace of Baghdad serves as the official residence of the country’s Prime Minister while the Radwaniyah Palace is the residence of the President of Iraq. Today, all that remains of Ctesiphon is the shrine town of Salman Pak, just to the south of Greater Baghdad. Near the Gate of Syria, a building served as the home for the guards. 7 - st. letter D. Crosswords puzzles, an affordable and effective way to train the intellect, increase knowledge. [...] The Persian hamlet of Baghdad, on the Western bank of the Tigris, and just above where Sarat canal flowed in, was ultimately fixed upon [...]. "by Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. In addition, the go-ahead has been given to build numerous architecturally unique skyscrapers along the Tigris that would develop the city's financial centre in Kadhehemiah. Al-Qushla: Iraq's oasis of free expression. As before, the representatives to the Provincial Council were elected by their peers from the lower councils in numbers proportional to the population of the districts they represent. [65] The sack of Baghdad put an end to the Abbasid Caliphate. Necessity to organize the Kurdish home and British war planes rained down outside Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, lighting up the night sky. Moreover, entry fees were usually so low that almost everyone could afford them. Baghdad. Thousands of ancient manuscripts in the National Library were destroyed under Saddam's command. The Nezamiyeh was founded by the Persian Nizam al-Mulk, who was vizier of two early Seljuk sultans. Listen to the audio pronunciation in several English accents. During this time, in Baghdad, Christians and Shia were tolerated, while Sunnis were treated as enemies. Despite the government's promise to resettle Sunnis displaced by the violence, little has been done to bring this about. Persian culture and language dominate the city, but the city is also the meeting point of many ethnic and linguistic groups. During the 2003 occupation of Iraq, AFN Iraq ("Freedom Radio") broadcast news and entertainment within Baghdad, among other locations. This style of urban planning contrasted with Ancient Greek and Roman urban planning, in which cities are designed as squares or rectangles with streets intersecting each other at right angles. [104] Snowfall was again reported on 11 February 2020, with accumulations across the city.[105]. National Museum of Iraq. 22 October 2020 The New York Times Mini. During the Mandate, Baghdad's substantial Jewish community comprised a quarter of the city's population. There are 105 capital of iraq-related words in total, with the top 5 most semantically related being bagdad, baghdad, irak, iraq and part.You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. [54] "Historic cities of the Islamic world. In recent years, the city has been frequently subjected to insurgent attacks, resulting in a substantial loss of cultural heritage and historical artifacts as well. The nine districts are subdivided into 89 smaller neighborhoods which may make up sectors of any of the districts above. Best Answer for Capital Of Iraq Crossword Clue. Mackenzie, D. (1971). [112] In late 2009, a construction plan was proposed to rebuild the heart of Baghdad, but the plan was never realized because corruption was involved in it. "History of the Moof Abu Hanifa and its school", "DefenseLink News Article: Soldier Helps to Form Democracy in Baghdad", "Zafaraniya Residents Get Water Project Update – DefendAmerica News Article", "Basics of democracy in Iraq include frustration", "Leaders Highlight Successes of Baghdad Operation – DefendAmerica News Article", "Climatologie mensuelle en juillet 2020 à Baghdad | climatologie depuis 1900 – Infoclimat", "Baghdad Soars to 125 Blistering Degrees, Its Highest Temperature on Record", "Afp.google.com, First snow for 100 years falls on Baghdad", "World Weather Information Service – Baghdad", "Baghdad Climate Guide to the Average Weather & Temperatures, with Graphs Elucidating Sunshine and Rainfall Data & Information about Wind Speeds & Humidity", "Monthly weather forecast and climate for Baghdad, Iraq", "Baghdad plans to build giant Ferris wheel", "Iraq plans giant Ferris wheel, hopes to lure tourists to Baghdad", Wikinews: Iraq plans 'Baghdad Eye' to draw in tourists, "Obama ad attacks McCain for Baghdad Ferris wheel project being built on land leased by a Democratic Party donor", "New Ferris wheel attracts leisure-starved Iraqis", "Baghdad Investment: Creating (1824) housing units in Baghdad", Arrêté du 22 novembre 1990 complétant l'arrêté du 23 août 1990 fixant la liste des établissements d'enseignement prévue à l'article 1er du décret no 90-469 du 31 mai 1990, Deutscher Bundestag 4. The monument was opened in 1983, and was designed by the Iraqi architect Saman Kamal and the Iraqi sculptor and artist Ismail Fatah Al Turk. These are mainly highly educated Iraqis who were from Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, and Basra city in the south of Iraq. The following is a selection (rather than a complete list) of these neighborhoods: The city is located on a vast plain bisected by the Tigris river. It grew fast and became a modern metropolis. However, now it is generally considered by Iraqis to be for all of the martyrs of Iraq, especially those allied with Iran and Syria fighting ISIS, not just of the Iran–Iraq War. Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاق‎ Jumhūriīyah al-ʿIrāq; Kurdish: کۆماری عێراق‎ Komarî Êraq), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. This system of 127 separate councils may seem overly cumbersome; however, Baghdad Province is home to approximately seven million people. noun capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River Baghdad is one of the great cities of the Muslim world • Syn: ↑Baghdad, ↑Bagdad • Instance Hypernyms: ↑national capital • Part Holonyms: ↑Iraq, ↑ Mansur assembled engineers, surveyors, and art constructionists from around the world to come together and draw up plans for the city. Le Strange, G. (n.d.). Firdos Square is a public open space in Baghdad and the location of two of the best-known hotels, the Palestine Hotel and the Sheraton Ishtar, which are both also the tallest buildings in Baghdad. The Mustansiriya Madrasah was established in 1227 by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir. Baghdad eclipsed Ctesiphon, the capital of the Sassanians, which was located some 30 km (19 mi) to the southeast. Baghdad's population was estimated at 7.22 million in 2015. [29] It took four years to build (764–768). Baghdad also has the Green Zone in the Karkh district where the Council of Representatives, the legislative body of the Iraqi government meets. At that time, three possible locations had been identified, but no estimates of cost or completion date were given. At its peak, it was regarded as one of the greatest cities in the world. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. ed. In its early years, the city was known as a deliberate reminder of an expression in the Qur'an, when it refers to Paradise. Sunni Muslims make up 17% of Iraq's population and they are still a majority in west and north Iraq. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672, "Baghdad: The City in Verse, translated and edited by Reuven Snir", "Baghdad selected as new member of 'UNESCO Creative Cities Network, "Five women confront a new Iraq | csmonitor.com", "Gunmen storm independent radio station in latest attack against media in Iraq", "Occupation and international humanitarian law: Questions and answers – ICRC", Miastoprojekt goes abroad: the transfer of architectural labour from socialist Poland to Iraq (1958–1989), Iraq Image – Baghdad Satellite Observation, National Commission for Investment in Iraq, Description of the original layout of Baghdad, Ethnic and sectarian map of Baghdad – Healingiraq, UAE Investors Keen On Taking Part In Baghdad Renaissance Project, Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit, An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baghdad&oldid=991198286, Populated places established in the 8th century, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2020, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2019, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Articles needing additional references from June 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Siege of Baghdad (1625), Ottoman–Safavid Wars, Masjid Al-Kadhimain is a shrine that is located in the, Salihiya Residential area – situated off Al Sinak bridge in central Baghdad, surrounded by Al- Mansur Hotel in the north and Al-Rasheed hotel in the south, Al Khat al Sare'a – Mohammed al Qasim (high speed lane) – runs through Baghdad, north–south, Al Sinaa Street (Industry Street) runs by the University of Technology – centre of the computer trade in Baghdad, "Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-135" by Ibn Battuta. As within the city, the district councils then elected representatives from among their members to serve on the 35 member Baghdad Regional Council. Hi there! The community has been subject to kidnappings, death threats, vandalism, and house burnings by Al-Qaeda and other insurgent groups. The largest stadium in Baghdad is Al-Shaab Stadium, which was opened in 1966. Capital of Iraq The capital of Iraq is Baghdad. The city was also home to a large Jewish community and regularly visited by Sikh pilgrims. Ctesiphon itself had replaced and absorbed Seleucia, the first capital of the Seleucid Empire, which had earlier replaced the city of Babylon. by Cetinsaya, Gokhan. [57] This would prove to be the last great library built by the caliphs of Baghdad. [24] Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. Verifique traduções de "capital of Iraq" para Português. When Mansur heard the story, he became very joyful, for legend has it, he was called Miklas as a child. capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River; "Baghdad is one of the great cities of the Muslim world" stemming. It has recently come to light that the famed Fatimid da'i, al-Mu'ayyad al-Shirazi, had a direct role in supporting al-Basasiri and helped the general to succeed in taking Mawṣil, Wāsit and Kufa. Beyond the outer wall was a water-filled moat. [9] The site where the city of Baghdad developed has been populated for millennia. It is the country’s most populated city and the second largest one in Western Asia after the Iranian capital of Tehran. During the 1970s, Baghdad experienced a period of prosperity and growth because of a sharp increase in the price of petroleum, Iraq's main export. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as hosting a multiethnic and multireligious environment, garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Centre of Learning". [37] The distance between these gates was a little less than 2.4 km (1.5 mi). Within a short time, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the Muslim world. [57] Unfortunately, this second library was plundered and burned by the Seljuks only seventy years after it was established. Baghdad was a busy city during the day and had many attractions at night. There is no single city council that singularly governs Baghdad at a municipal level. Buy Social Capital of Iraq by online on Amazon.ae at best prices. It is the historic center of Baghdadi book-selling, a street filled with bookstores and outdoor book stalls. The country is bordered by Turkey, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Syria to the north, east, southeast, south, southwest, and west, respectively. Guy Le Strange, "Baghdad During the Abbasid Caliphate from Contemporary Arabic and Persian", pg 10. The same process was used to provide representative councils for the other communities in Baghdad Province outside of the city itself. [76] However, the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s was a difficult time for the city, as money was diverted by Saddam Hussein to the army and thousands of residents were killed. What does capital of iraq mean? For the next five centuries, Baghdad flourished and became one of the Islamic world’s most renowned cities. "A memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson." [61] Not long before the arrival of the Saljuqs in Baghdad, al-Basasiri petitioned to the Fatimid Imam-Caliph al-Mustansir to support him in conquering Baghdad on the Ismaili Imam's behalf. Radio Dijlah offices, in the Jamia neighborhood of Baghdad, have been attacked on several occasions. The Iraqi Civil War following ISIS' invasion in 2014 caused hundreds of thousands of Iraqi internally displaced people to flee to the city. The Sasanian city of Gur in Fars, built 500 years before Baghdad, is nearly identical in its general circular design, radiating avenues, and the government buildings and temples at the centre of the city. This three tier system of local government connected the people of Baghdad to the central government through their representatives from the neighbourhood, through the district, and up to the city council. flashcards on Quizlet. Baghdad is the most populated city of Iraq and the 2 nd largest city in Western Asia; the first is Tehran (the capital of Iran). capital of iraq pronunciation - How to properly say capital of iraq. [73] The Nuttall Encyclopedia reports the 1907 population of Baghdad as 185,000. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon, and on 30 July 762 the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. By the 11th century, "Baghdad" became almost the exclusive name for the world-renowned metropolis. The circular design of the city was a direct reflection of the traditional Persian Sasanian urban design. Tughril Beg saw himself as the protector of the Abbasid Caliphs.[60]. Points of interest include the National Museum of Iraq whose collection of artifacts was looted during the 2003 invasion, and the iconic Hands of Victory arches. [40], Within a generation of its founding, Baghdad became a hub of learning and commerce. 3 - st. letter G. 4 - st. letter H. 5 - st. letter D. 6 - st. letter A. Each neighbourhood process ultimately ended with a final meeting where candidates for the new neighbourhood councils identified themselves and asked their neighbours to vote for them. [8], The name Baghdad is pre-Islamic, and its origin is disputed. Baghdad is also home to a number of museums which housed artifacts and relics of ancient civilization; many of these were stolen, and the museums looted, during the widespread chaos immediately after United States forces entered the city. Once all 88 (later increased to 89) neighbourhood councils were in place, each neighbourhood council elected representatives from among their members to serve on one of the city's nine district councils. South African Lawrence Anthony and some of the zoo keepers cared for the animals and fed the carnivores with donkeys they had bought locally. This was the official name on coins, weights, and other official usage, although the common people continued to use the old name. it Il presidente della FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Echecs), Kirsan Iliumzhinov, ha deciso di assegnare l'organizzazione dell'incontro valido per il campionato mondiale di scacchi-FIDE a Bagdad, capitale dell'Iraq, sede del regime di Saddam Hussein. (2006). [111] A plan was proposed by a Government agency to rebuild a tourist island in 2008. [42] Although Arabic was used as the international language of science, the scholarship involved not only Arabs, but also Persians, Syriacs,[43] Nestorians, Jews, Arab Christians,[44][45] and people from other ethnic and religious groups native to the region. [41] Baghdad was likely the largest city in the world from shortly after its foundation until the 930s, when it tied with Córdoba. The process initially focused on the election of neighbourhood councils in the official neighbourhoods, elected by neighbourhood caucuses. The city is not only the political capital of Iraq but also the country’s cultural and economic capital. There, local councils were elected from 20 neighbourhoods (Nahia) and these councils elected representatives from their members to serve on six district councils (Qada). [102], Annual rainfall, almost entirely confined to the period from November through March, averages approximately 150 mm (5.91 in), but has been as high as 338 mm (13.31 in) and as low as 37 mm (1.46 in). The CIA World Factbook estimated the 2020 population of Baghdad at 7,144,000. King Faisal II, former Prime Minister Nuri as-Said, former Regent Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, members of the royal family, and others were brutally killed during the coup. [57] Four great libraries were established in Baghdad during this period. Capital of Iraq. As the capital of Iraq, Baghdad hosts the offices and residences of the federal government. [66] It has been argued that this marked an end to the Islamic Golden Age and served a blow from which Islamic civilisation never fully recovered.[67]. Rainfall has been recorded on fewer than half a dozen occasions at this time of year and has never exceeded 1 millimetre (0.04 in). 1 - st. letter B. Prior to the Gulf War, multiple international schools operated in Baghdad, including: Baghdad has always played a significant role in the broader Arab cultural sphere, contributing several significant writers, musicians and visual artists. As of 2016, the population of the city was 8,765,000 people. Baghdad Capital of Iraq. Sultan Ahmad Jalayir fled to Syria, where the Mamluk Sultan Barquq protected him and killed Timur's envoys. This was a result of theft of some animals for human food, and starvation of caged animals that had no food. Famous Arab poets and singers such as Nizar Qabbani, Umm Kulthum, Fairuz, Salah Al-Hamdani, Ilham al-Madfai and others have performed for the city. Pregledaj milijunima riječi i fraza na svim jezicima. Its location, on the Tigris River about 330 miles (530 km) from the headwaters of the Persian Gulf, is in the heart of ancient Mesopotamia. [note 1], In contemporary times, the city has often faced severe infrastructural damage, most recently due to the United States-led 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the subsequent Iraq War that lasted until December 2011. Definition of capital of iraq, with etymology, pronunciation (phonetic and audio), synonyms, antonyms, derived terms and more about the word capital of iraq. Look up the German to English translation of capital of Iraq in the PONS online dictionary. The city of Baghdad is located on a massive plain bisected by the Tigris River. Soon after,[62] by December 1058, a Shi'i adhān (call to prayer) was implemented in Baghdad and a khutbah (sermon) was delivered in the name of the Fatimid Imam-Caliph. Abu Hanifah was the counter of the bricks and he developed a canal, which brought water to the work site for both human consumption and the manufacture of the bricks. This page was last edited on 28 November 2020, at 20:20. [31] Leo is associated with fire and symbolises productivity, pride, and expansion. [83] It is characterized by the iconic clock tower which was donated by George V. The entire area is submitted to the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tentative list.[84]. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon, and on 30 July 762[23] the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. The city of Baghdad is one of the world’s oldest cities. Baghdad capital of Iraq beautiful city Tehran capital of Iran watch full video _https://youtu.be/du1l5tj4KUA Sieges and wars in which Baghdad was involved are listed below: In 1058, Baghdad was captured by the Fatimids under the Turkish general Abu'l-Ḥārith Arslān al-Basasiri, an adherent of the Ismailis along with the 'Uqaylid Quraysh. The city has Shia, Sunni, Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriacs, Armenians and mixed neighborhoods. For poetry written about Baghdad, see Reuven Snir (ed. [63], On 10 February 1258, Baghdad was captured by the Mongols led by Hulegu, a grandson of Chingiz Khan (Genghis Khan), during the siege of Baghdad. [30] July was chosen as the starting time because two astrologers, Naubakht Ahvazi and Mashallah, believed that the city should be built under the sign of the lion, Leo. Mutanabbi Street is located near the old quarter of Baghdad; at Al Rasheed Street. [9] Modern scholars generally tend to favor this etymology,[9] which views the word as a compound of bagh () "god" and dād () "given",[13][14] In Old Persian the first element can be traced to boghu and is related to Slavic bog "god",[9][15] A similar term in Middle Persian is the name Mithradāt (Mihrdād in New Persian), known in English by its Hellenistic form Mithridates, meaning "Given by Mithra" (dāt is the more archaic form of dād, related to Latin dat and English donor[9]). [46][47][48][49][50] These are considered among the fundamental elements that contributed to the flourishing of scholarship in the Medieval Islamic world. Baghdad and southern Iraq remained under Ottoman rule until 1917, when captured by the British during World War I. In Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate (p. 9). "Yakut: Baghdad under the Abbasids, c. 1000CE". With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1932, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture, with a population variously estimated at 6 or over 7 million. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. The zoological park used to be the largest in the Middle East. [9] They suggested various meanings, the most common of which was "bestowed by God". Meaning of capital of iraq. [110], Most Iraqi reconstruction efforts have been devoted to the restoration and repair of badly damaged urban infrastructure. Several estimates suggest that the city contained over a million inhabitants at its peak. Also in 2003, the minor riot in the city (which took place on 21 July) caused some disturbance in the population. In the summer, from June through August, the average maximum temperature is as high as 44 °C (111 °F) and accompanied by sunshine. By the 8th century AD, several villages had developed there, including a Persian[10][11] hamlet called Baghdad, the name which would come to be used for the Abbasid metropolis. [33] There was a large sanitation department, many fountains and public baths, and unlike contemporary European cities at the time, streets were frequently washed free of debris and trash. We last saw the 'Capital of Iraq' clue in The New York Times Mini on Saturday, 07 April 2018. We've seen this … [64] Many quarters were ruined by fire, siege, or looting. [21][22][unreliable source?] word on "B". Around 99% of the countr… In 1991 and 2003, the Gulf War and the 2003 invasion of Iraq caused significant damage to Baghdad's transportation, power, and sanitary infrastructure as the US-led coalition forces launched massive aerial assaults in the city in the two wars. The city has also had a strong tradition of horse racing ever since World War I, known to Baghdadis simply as 'Races'. We have 2 answers for the crossword clue Capital of Iraq. The population of Baghdad, as of 2016, is approximately 8,765,000, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab world, and the second largest city in Western Asia. [82], Al-Shaheed, (Martyr's Monument), Zawra Park, Baghdad, The Victory Arch (officially known as the Swords of Qādisīyah, Qushla or Qishla is a public square and the historical complex located in Rusafa neighborhood at the riverbank of Tigris. The Mongols massacred most of the city's inhabitants, including the caliph Al-Musta'sim, and destroyed large sections of the city. It would surpass even Constantinople in prosperity and size.[56]. Baghdad, also spelled Bagdad, Arabic Baghdād, formerly Madīnat al-Salām (Arabic: “City of Peace”), city, capital of Iraq and capital of Baghdad governorate, central Iraq. The Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra is a government funded symphony orchestra in Baghdad. ***** - capital of iraq. It accounts for about 40% of the national GDP. Information and translations of capital of iraq in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The Republican Palace of Baghdad serves as the official residence of the country’s Prime Minister while the Radwaniyah Palace is the residence of the President of Iraq. The INSO plays primarily classical European music, as well as original compositions based on Iraqi and Arab instruments and music. In 1920, Baghdad became the capital of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia with several architectural and planning projects commissioned to reinforce this administration. [citation needed], This article is about the capital of Iraq. Administratively, Baghdad Governorate is divided into districts which are further divided into sub-districts. [103] On 11 January 2008, light snow fell across Baghdad for the first time in 100 years. Surrounding the palace was an esplanade, a waterside building, in which only the caliph could come riding on horseback. 2 - st. letter A. Among the notable features of Baghdad during this period were its exceptional libraries. [55] Many of the One Thousand and One Nights tales, widely known as the Arabian Nights, are set in Baghdad during this period. The number of neighbourhood representatives on a district council is based upon the neighbourhood's population. It has largest city in the country, with 6,431,839 inhabitants and one of the most populated in the Middle East after Cairo and Tehran. Qushla and its surroundings is where the historical features and cultural capitals of Baghdad are concentrated, from the Mutanabbi Street, Abbasid-era palace and bridges, Ottoman-era mosques to the Mustansariyah Madrasa. The CPA convened a series of meetings in each neighbourhood to explain local government, to describe the caucus election process and to encourage participants to spread the word and bring friends, relatives and neighbours to subsequent meetings. The roundness points to the fact that it was based on Arabic script. Joneidi, F. (2007). Includes free vocabulary trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function. Each gate had double doors that were made of iron; the doors were so heavy it took several men to open and close them. [100][101] The humidity is typically under 50% in summer due to Baghdad's distance from the marshy southern Iraq and the coasts of Persian Gulf, and dust storms from the deserts to the west are a normal occurrence during the summer. 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