A Weed Identification Guide for Ethiopia. gastric ulcers in rats. • Anti-Diabetic / In Vitro Alpha-Amylase Inhibition / In Vivo Antioxidant: Study investigated a methanolic extract of A. spinosus for in vitro alpha-amylase enzyme inhibition by CNPG3 (2-chloro-4-nitrophenol α-d-maltotrioside) and in vivo antioxidant potential of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and total thiols (TT) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. • Immunomodulatory / B-Lymphocyte Proliferation: Study of A spinosus water extract exhibited immuno-stimulating activity through direct stimulation of B-lymphocyte activation in vitro and suggests possible subsequent T cell proliferation in vitro. sperm count and accessory sex organ weights. spiny amaranth. natureconservation.in/medicinal-uses-of-spiny-amaranth-amaranthus-spinosus Broome R, Sabir K, Carrington S, 2007. Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); flowers and stem. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. CSIRO handbook of Australian weeds., vii + 264 pp. > 10°C, Cold average temp. STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF Amaranthus spinosus LEAF EXTRACT ON THE HAEMATOLOGY OF GROWING PIGS / OLUFEMI B.E. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. Evaluation of gut modulatory and bronchodilator activities of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Extract showed statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats. basiscissus Thell. Volume 2. Results showed antidepressant activity. Study that included the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A spinosus Consequently, the potential of this species to spread and colonize new habitats, especially in disturbed sites and waste ground, is very high. (16) vi + 236 pp. Correll DS; Johnston MC, 1979. Catalogue of vascular plants of Bolivia. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. USA. Hojas ampliamente lanceoladas o rómbico-ovadas, (1 ) 1.5 7.5 cm de largo y 0.5 2.5 cm de ancho, variables en tamaño, agudas, redondeadas o emarginadas en el ápice, cuneadas o … Ashok Kumara, K. Lakshmanb, R. Nandeeshc, P.A. Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); habit, showing leaves, spines and seeds. Its thorniness presents some obstacle to its preparation as a vegetable, hence the Ewe name for it in Ghana. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: University Press of Hawaii. Studies Subfamilia: Amaranthoideae Genus: Amaranthus Species: Amaranthus spinosus London, UK: Crown Agents. Amaranthus diacanthus Raf. Ethno- Medical Uses of Plants in the Treatment of Various Skin Diseases in Ovia North East, Edo State, Nigeria / R.K.A. (34) 1), 22-96. USA: St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Lorenzi H, 1982. (43) > 0°C, wet all year, Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, Warm average temp. Waterhouse DF, 1994. Malabar, Florida, USA: Krieger Publishing Co. 391 pp. Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. Ampong-Nyarko K; Datta SK de, 1991. Part 1. Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2015. It is a common weed of bananas in Taiwan, oil palms in Nicaragua, pineapples in Hawaii, vegetables in Brazil, Ghana, Hawaii, India, the Philippines and the USA, and of tea and jute in Taiwan. activity in experimental hepatic damage in animals. (32) / Bavarva JH, Narasimhacharya AV. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and new regulations for prevention of their adverse effects. • Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) / Antioxidant Enzyme / Seeds: SOD is an ubiquitous potent antioxidant enzyme that primarily scavenges superoxide radicals, which cause oxidative damage to a living organism's essential proteins, lipids, and DNA. • Anti-Inflammatory / Analgesic / Anti-Diarrheal / Leaves: Study of methanol extract of leaves showed anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, significant (p<0.05) inhibition of acetic acid-induced increased vascular permeability, and inhibition of cotton pellet granuloma. (46) A. spinosus is found in cultivated fields, waste places, roadsides, garbage heaps and abandoned fields. , 2012. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm. Anti-Fertility http://www.europe-aliens.org/. Amaranthus spinosus / GLOBinMED Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); habit, in residential backyard. Amaranthus spinosus f. inermis Lauterb. Plantas daninhas de Brasil, terrestres, aquaticas, parasitas, toxicas e medicinais. Waterlogging retards its growth. 1981, 818 pp. Folk Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Skin Diseases in Bhadrak District of Odisha, India  / Panda T, Mishra N, and BK Pradhan / Medicinal & Aromatic Plants,  5:262 (2016) / doi:10.4172/2167-0412.1000262 Alayon (If.) Ithaca, New York, USA: Comstock Publisher Assoc., 370 pp. http://plants.usda.gov/. McMullen CK, 1999. Jørgensen PM; Nee MH; Beck SG, 2015. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk., Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. • Antioxidant: Study showed the antioxidant activity of the extracts to be concentration dependent. (20) Daniel K. Abbiw Department of Botany, University of Ghana, Lebon, Ghana. Kauai, Hawaii, USA: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. Lorenzi H, 1982. Hutchinson J, Dalziel J M, 1954. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. A geographical atlas of world weeds. Caracas, Venezuela: Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, 860 pp. Holm LG; Pancho JV; Herberger JP; Plucknett DL, 1979. (4) Amaranthus spinosus L. is an accepted name. Seeds are easily disturbed by wind, water, and animals. (5) Biochemical alteration of methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus on liver of Sprague Dawley rats / *Gul T, Singh K, Srivastava A, Ahirwar V / Research Article Biology and Medicine, 3 (2) Special Issue: 365-369, 2011 Previous name used in the website: Synonyms: Family name: AMARANTHACEAE. COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF THREE PLANTS FROM THE AMARANTHACEAE FAMILY / ASHOK KUMAR, B.S*, LAKSHMAN, K., JAYAVEERA, K.N., NANDEESH, R., MANOJ, B. and RANGANAYAKULU, D / Arch. Nadeaud botanical database of the Herbarium of French Polynesia. Richardson, TX, USA: University of Texas at Dallas. 506 pp. It grows up to 100cm tall. (31) Betacyanins and Phenolic Compounds from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhavia erecta L. Amaranthus spinosus L. Inhibits Spontaneous and Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Primary Splenocytes, Antinociceptive activity of Amaranthus spinosus in experimental animals, Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Funk V, Hollowell T, Berry P, Kelloff C, Alexander S N, 2007. (3) http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB15408. Results showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in PCV, RBC, and Hb. Amaranthus spinosus var. February 2007. Amran, Shams- Ud-Doha K. M., Sarker Apu Apurba*  / International Journal of Drug Development and Research, Oct-Dec 2011, 3(4): 189-193 This chapter addresses the value of different Amaranthus [L.] species that have been recorded in Nigeria. Study assessed the immunomodulatory effects Betacyanins and Phenolic Compounds from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhavia erecta L. / Florian C Stintzing et al / Z. Naturforsch. Staminate flowers: often terminal or in proximal glomerules; tepals 5, equal or subequal, 1.7-2.5 mm; stamens 5. Broome R; Sabir K; Carrington S, 2007. Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. Canberra, Australia: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 141 pp. DAISIE, 2015. Out of the total number of species Achyranthes aspera L., Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Metformin was used as standard drug. November 2006. Biological Control of Weeds: a World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds. Amaranthus spinosus L. In: Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. A geographical atlas of world weeds. circumscissus Thell. Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela (New catalogue of the vascular flora of Venezuela). Biol. 59c, 1Ð8 (2004) (10) Amaranthus spinosus. In • Hematologic Effects: Study evaluated the effect of ethanolic extract of leaves given orally to growing pigs. El-Aydam M; Bnrki HM, 1997. Weeds of the United States and their control. Wageningen, Netherlands: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. The leaves are sometimes sold as a vegetable in local markets. A. spinosus is attacked by a number of natural enemies. Kumar R P, Jindal Shammy, Gupta Nitin, Rana Rinu, 2014. Online database. (11) (49) • Anti-Diarrheal / Anti-Ulcer: Study of ethanol extract of the whole plant of AS significantly inhibited travel time of a charcoal meal. http://www.herbier-tahiti.pf. Seeds black, lenticular or subglobose, 0.7-1 mm diameter, smooth, shiny (Flora of North America, 2015). DAISIE, 2015. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 98:1192 pp. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 584 pp. Maximum growth occurs in soils high in organic matter, and those with sufficient nitrogen (Holm et al., 1977). Poison Plants Committee of New South Wales. Grubben GJH, Denton OA, eds. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. 2012 Oct 1;12:166. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-166 http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, PROTA, 2015. by Non-Enzymatic Haemoglycosylation (Penilaian Aktiviti Antioksidan Amaranthus spinosus Linn., dengan / B S Ashok Kumar, K Lakshman et al / Sains Malaysiana 39(3)(2010): 413–415 The poisoning was diagnosed as being caused by nitrate, and A. spinosus showed high nitrate levels. It is probably a native of tropical America and was introduced into other warmer parts of the world. • Anthelmintic: Study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of three plants belonging to the Amaranthaceae family viz., A. spinosus, A. caudatus, and A. viridis against Pheretima posthuma. Charles Darwin Foundation, 2008. In: Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 85 1-246. Collingwood, Vic. In Australia, it grows as an environmental weed in disturbed areas and rainforest and as an agricultural weed in areas from near sea level to 820 m (Lazarides et al., 1997). activity of Amaranthus spinosus in experimental animals / The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-23 ) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Sp. (25) Flowering plants of the Galápagos. of AS water extract and results suggested a heat-labile anti-apoptotic in Rats / Prasanta Kumar Mitra / International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2013, Vol 1, Issue 2. Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); seeds. Results showed antiulcerogenic activity mediated through antioxidant defense mechanism. Crop Protection, 25(1):39-46. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02612194. Amaranthus spinosus water extract directly stimulates proliferation of B lymphocytes in vitro / Bi-Fong Lin et al / International Immunopharmacology • Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2005, Pages 711-722 / doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.12.00 The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. ACIAR Monograph No. Of Physiology And Biochemistry 2004, Vol. Many seeds germinate soon after being dispersed, but some seeds can remain viable for many years in the soil seed bank (Waterhouse, 1994). Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); habit. Amaranthus spinosus, commonly known as the spiny amaranth, spiny pigweed, prickly amaranth or thorny amaranth, is a plant is native to the tropical Americas, but is present on most continents as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. (48) Sci., Belgrade, 62 (1), 185-189, 2010 / DOI:10.2298/ABS1001185K Amaranthus spinosus var. Baton Rouge, USA: National Plant Data Center. Farmland Weeds in China., Agricultural Publishing House. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, obovate-lanceolate or spatulate-lanceolate, equal or subequal, 1.2-2 mm, apex mucronate; styles erect or spreading; stigmas 3. Amaranthus in the list of species of the flora of Brazil. • Anti-Inflammatory / Anticancer roots was studied for anti-fertility effects. • Gut Modulatory and Bronchodilator Activities: Study showed A. spinosus to possess laxative activity partially through a cholinergic action. • Immunomodulatory: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: University of Hawaii Press. Orchard AE, 1993. 12(1): Medicinal and poisonous plants 1 [ed. However, its use is declining, and it is acquiring the status of a famine food. Barbados: University of the West Indies. Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); habit. > 0°C, dry winters), Highly adaptable to different environments, Tolerates, or benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc, Has propagules that can remain viable for more than one year, Highly likely to be transported internationally accidentally, Difficult to identify/detect as a commodity contaminant, Difficult to identify/detect in the field. Dangoggo, S.A. Maigandi, S. Muhammad / International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2015) Vol 20, No 1: pp 368-377 Vol. Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); habit, showing inflorescence. • Antitumor / Leaves: Study evaluated the antitumor potentials of an ethanol extract of A. spinosus against EAC bearing Swiss albino mice. Global Environmental Research, 8(2):171-191. A. spinosus often grows as a weed in crops, pastures, orchards, disturbed ground, along roadsides, and in secondary forests (Waterhouse, 1994). Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, 6(Special Issue 1):22-96. Thimphu, Bhutan: National Plant Protection Centre. In: Tropicos website, St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: http://www.tropicos.org/Project/Pakistan, Florence J, Chevillotte H, Ollier C, Meyer J-Y, 2013. CSIRO handbook of Australian weeds. spinosus is a monoecious herb and produces male and female flowers on the same plant. (40) Effect of Abrus precatorius and Amaranthus spinosus combination treatment on fertility in male rats / Yaseen Ggani, Amit Vekaria, Syed Amir Ali / Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics (2012); Vol 3, Issue 3: pp 272-273 (1) / African Journal Of Biomedical Research, Vol. (45) Chandan Mahanta, Utpal Bora / Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 2012, 2, 275-281 / doi:10.4236/ampc.2012 Bawan (Bon.) 1192 pp. (29) STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF Amaranthus spinosus LEAF EXTRACT ON THE HAEMATOLOGY OF GROWING PIGS / Olufemi B E et al / African Journal of Biomedical Research 2003 (Vol. & K.Schum. In sugarcane, it is a principal weed in Brazil, South Africa and Taiwan and a common weed in Hawaii, India, Indonesia and Peru. Amaranthus Flowers vary interspecifically from the presence of 3 or 5 tepals and stamens, whereas a 7-porate pollen grain structure remains consistent across the family. Boerhaavia erecta L. in mice / A Hilou et al / Journal of Ethnopharmacology Antitumor activity of the ethanol extract of Amaranthus spinosus leaves against EAC bearing swiss albino mice / L. Samuel Joshua*, Vipin Chandra Pal, K. L. Senthil Kumar, Ram Kumar Sahu, Amit Roy / Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2010, 2(2): 10-15 http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, Flora of Pakistan, 2015. It has a bitter taste and is usually eaten in small quantities as a substitute when no other vegetables are available.A. Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015), Debris and waste associated with human activities, Pangnakorn and Poonpaiboonpipattana, 2013, http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1, Kumar RP; Jindal Shammy; Gupta Nitin; Rana Rinu, 2014. Compendium record. Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. May 2008. The plant specimen, Amaranthus lividuswas collected from a local market of Dwarka, New Delhi, India. Results showed a significant decrease of in the level of tumor development and viable cell count Percentage of leaf methanol extracts HEP G2, MCF-7, and HT-29 cells show IC50 values less than 30 mg/ml. (4) These include 2,4-D, EPTC, MCPA, MSMA (methylarsonic acid), acifluorfen, atrazine, bensulfuron, butachlor, chlorthal-dimethyl, dimethametryn, diphenamid, diuron, glyphosate, metribuzin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, propanil and trifluralin (Kostermans et al., 1987; Lorenzi and Jeffery, 1987; Ampong-Nyarko and de Datta, 1991). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, revised edition., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: University of Hawaii Press. Results supports it folkloric Handbook for weed control in rice. Note scale. A. spinosus is superficially similar to other weedy species of Amaranthus, but is the only species with auxillary spines. The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a source of food and medicines. Stems erect or sometimes ascending proximally, much-branched and bushy, rarely nearly simple, 0.3-1(-2) m; each node with paired, divergent spines (modified bracts) to 1.5(-2.5) cm. (25) http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm. Amaranthus spinosus var. Waterhouse DF, 1993. Smith A C, 1981. Study suggests A. spinosus can be both traditional food and potential source of the antioxidant SOD enzyme, with great implications in therapeutics. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Washington, USA: Department of Systematic Biology - Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. • Dye: Plant yields yellow and green dyes. Pangnakorn U; Poonpaiboonpipattana T, 2013. The risk of introduction of A. spinosus is potentially high. Others New York, Chichester (), Brisbane, Toronto, UK: John Wiley and Sons. (28) use for diabetes. In: Global Environmental Research, 8 (2) 171-191. Kahului Airport, Maui, Hawaii, usa. Mokuauia, Oahu, Hawaii, USA. (14) spinosus is a principal weed of mangoes, sorghum, soyabeans and cowpeas in the Philippines; tobacco in Taiwan, beans in Mexico, vegetables in Malaysia, oil palms in Indonesia, papayas and sweet potatoes in Hawaii, mulberries in Japan, and cassava in Ghana. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. A. spinosus is reported to be the number three weed in maize in the Philippines as well as a principal weed in that crop in Ghana, Hawaii, Mexico and Thailand, and a common weed in Malaysia and Taiwan. Oviedo Prieto R; Herrera Oliver P; Caluff MG, et al. A. spinosus has the potential to outcompete native vegetation and induce the loss of biodiversity, especially decreasing floristic richness in native vegetation communities where is becoming dominant and invasive such as insular ecosystems and native grasslands. / Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). (Catalago de Plantas Vasculares de Bolivia). In many countries, the bruised leaves are considered a good emollient and applied externally in cases of eczema, burns, wounds, boils, earache and haemorrhoids. / Leaves: Study evaluated methanol extracts of A. spinosus leaves against different cell lines such as breast, colorectal, liver, and normal cell lines. (Note: This might be a misapplied study. (24) Marchioretto MS, 2014. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. (46) EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC AND ANTI­INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LINN / MANIK BARAL, SUBRATA CHAKRABORTY, PRANABESH CHAKRABORTY / International Journal of CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH, Vol 2, Issue 4, 2010 PROTA4U web database., [ed. Anti-inflammatory Properties of Amaranthus spinosus Leaf Extract / Olumayokun A Olajide, Babatunde R Ogunleye & Temitope O Erinle / Journal of Pharmaceutical Biology, Vol 42, Issue 7 (2004) Wang Z, Xin M, Ma D, 1990. anti-inflammatory activity probably through inhibition of prostaglandin Consumption of leaf extract does not cause kidney malfunction. An inside review of Amaranthus spinosus Linn: a potential medicinal plant of India. 35-42 • Antidepressant: Study evaluated the antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of A. spinosus on Forced Swimming Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST) The scientific name for spiny amaranth is Amaranthus spinosus. vii + 264 pp. A. gracilis is used in local medicine in Taiwan, Often in mixtures with other medicinal plants, to treat hepatitis, tight chest, bronchitis, asthma, and lung troubles, to stop bleeding and as a hair tonic. 3348 pp. (28) In: Proceedings of the 21st Asian Pacific Weed Science Society (APWSS) Conference, 2-6 October 2007, Colombo, Sri Lanka [ed. Wageningen, Netherlands: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. • Antinociceptive / Anti-Inflammatory: Study of 50% water extract of AS showed significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity and central and peripheral analgesic activity. The striated, often reddish, stem with two sharp, long spines at the base of the petioles, and the fruit which opens by a line around the centre are distinguishing characteristics of this species. Lazarides M; Cowley K; Hohnen P, 1997. Extract also showed significant antipyretic activity. Holm L, Pancho J V, Herberger J P, Plucknett D L, 1979. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. models. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Nova Odessa, Brazil: H. Lorenzi, 425 pp. This paper classifies the vegetables used in Ghana into those of national importance and those of local or ethnic importance only and documents which of the vegetables of local … protective mechanism to be from the presence of flavonoids and phenolics. Julissa Rojas-Sandoval, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. New York, USA; Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Ltd., 355 pp. Plants glabrous or sparsely pubescent in the distal younger parts of stems and branches. (8 col.). Parker C, 1992. Final Technical Report. USDA-ARS, 2015. Oviedo Prieto R, Herrera Oliver P, Caluff M G, et al, 2012. Hepatoprotective Bayambang (Tag.) Cassia tora, Eleusine indica, Portulaca oleracea, Anagallis arvensis, Amaranthus spinosus, Chenopodium album, Cyperus rotundus, Eleocharis palustris, Eichhornia crassipes and Spirodela polyrhiza. (Catalago de Plantas Vasculares de Bolivia.) 1182 pp. (34) Nova Odessa, Brazil: H. Lorenzi. Lactofen applied early post-emergence and 2,4-DB applied late post-emergence controlled more than 90% late in the season. Field evaluation of, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. (39) In the Guianas, root used for toothache; leaf compresses used as compresses in herbal curative baths by the Surinam Saramaccan Bush Negroes. In Malaysia inflammation and fever, and externally to treat wounds. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Saponins, a subgroup of glycosides, known to cause hemolysis of RBC, may be responsible for the altered RBC and WBC profile. Hokche O; Berry PE; Huber O, 2008. The collected sample was identified (Ref. Peripheral and central antinociceptive potentials were evaluated in acetic acid induced writhing and radiant heat tail-flick models in mice. ; Tjitrosoepomo, G.] Jakarta, Indonesia; Balai Pustaka, 24-565, Kumar RP; Jindal Shammy; Gupta Nitin; Rana Rinu, 2014. Davidse G; Sousa Sánchez M; Knapp S; Chiang Cabrera F, 2015. • Biochemical Effects on the Liver: Study investigated the biochemical role of methanolic extract of A. spinosus on liver of Sprague Dawley rats. A geographic atlas of world weeds. Weeds of Bhutan., vi + 236 pp. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas; an identification and management guide. • Diuretic: Study evaluated the diuretic activity of aqueous extract of A. spinosus on rats. Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii, USA. Results showed potent alpha-amylase, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities. Rats fed with leaves showed decreased body weight compared to rats fed with a normal diet. (35) 122, no3, pp. EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC AND ANTI­INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LINN, Antitumor activity of the ethanol extract of Amaranthus spinosus leaves against EAC bearing swiss albino mice, ANTI PEPTIC ULCER ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF Amaranthus spinosus L. IN RAT, Comparative Evaluation of Anti Gastric Ulcer Activity of Root, Stem and Leaves of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Amaranth plants grow well in average to rich, well-draining soil with equal amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus.Like many vegetable crops, they need at least five hours of sunlight a day to do well. Plants of the Eastern Caribbean., Barbados: University of the West Indies. * ASSIAK I.E, +AYOADE G.O. Amaranthus spinosus L. Inhibits Spontaneous and Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Primary Splenocytes / Jin-Yuarn Lin et al / Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Vol. Reproductive BiologyA. • Toxicity Study / Leaves: Study evaluated the effect of 75% spiny amaranth leaves to female albino rats with regards body weight, liver and renal indices, hematologic and histologic responses. [ed. Anti-ulcer effects were noted with differing degrees of protection with extract and with cimetidine. spinosus is susceptible to most of the standard herbicides used on broad-leaved weeds. Information from Dichotomous Key of Flora Novae Angliae. Imazethapyr controlled 72-90% of A. spinosus, whereas bentazone and pyridate failed to provide adequate control (Grichar, 1994). 1753.. Anuales, 0.3 1 m de alto, tallos erectos, glabros; monoicas. Effect was attributed to antinutritional factors and non-palatability of the feed. (38) • Antifertility: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas., Richardson, TX, USA: University of Texas at Dallas. Biological Control of Weeds: Southeast Asian Prospects. • FeO Nanoparticles / Antioxidant / Leaves: Study reports on the synthesis of FeO-NOs using A. spinosus leaf extracts as reducing agents. At present, it occurs in all tropical and subtropical regions (Macbride and Weberbauer 1936–1995). Availability Pharmacognosy / 2008-Jan; vol 62 (issue 1) : pp 79-82 (15) It will grow both in wet or dry sites, but grows best when soil moisture levels are below field capacity. Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Flora of Australia. Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.) control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Parker C, 1992. Anti-diabetic, by Marambe, B\Sangakkara, U. R.\Costa, W. A. J. M. de\Abeysekara, A. S. K.]. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 85:1-246. Analgesic activity was exhibited by significant and dose-related reduction of writhings with acetic-acid and reduction of paw licking induced by formalin. (45) Study of methanol extract of AS leaves showed Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. (Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur: (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay))., USA: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. A Geographic Atlas of World Weeds. (31) Acevedo-Rodríguez P; Strong MT, 2012. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. • Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis: Study reported the application of the ethanolic extract of A. spinosus for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Flora of Australia. Results showed significant increase for both acute as well as chronic studies in protein and glycogen contents at 250 mg/kg dose level. 55, 584 pp. (13) Ampong-Nyarko and de Datta (1991) indicate resistance to fenoxaprop, piperophos and thiobencarb. Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong M T, 2012. Motooka P; Castro L; Nelson D; Nagai G; Ching L, 2003. Pl. Kawela Bridge, Molokai, Hawaii, USA. It has been suggested that A. spinosus originates from lowland tropical South and Central America, and that it was introduced in other warmer parts of the world from about 1700 AD onwards (Lemmens and Bunyapraphatsara, 1999). (3) (Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie.) At higher concentration, both extracts showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in TST and FST models of depression comparable to standards Escitalopram and Imipramine. After 90 days of treatment withdrawal, hematological parameters returned to control levels. 818 pp. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. USDA-NRCS, 2015. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. indehiscens Thell. Wagner WI; Herbst DR; Sohmer SH, 1999. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.013 / Food and Chemical Toxicology It is hardy to zone (UK) 9 and is frost tender. Amaranthus viridis is a vigorous, erect, branched, annual plant growing 10 - 100cm tall. (39) International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 4(3):643-653. http://ijrpc.com/files/20-4130.pdf. Pharmacological Actions and Phytoconstituents of Amaranthus spinosus Linn: A Review / Guria Tanmoy, Mondal Arijit, Singha Tanushree, Singh Jagadish, *Maity Tapan Kumar / International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2014; 6(2); 405-413 75:1-1182. (18) (37) (2) Catalogue of introduced and cultivated plants in New Caledonia. Results were comparable to standard antiulcer drug raniditine. Antioxidant and antipyretic properties of methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus leaves / Bagepalli Srinivas Ashok Kumar*, Kuruba Lakshman, Jayaveera KN, Devangam Sheshadri Shekar, Avalakondarayappa Arun Kumar, Bachappa Manoj / 702 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine (2010)702-706 / doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60 169-1 IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS ROOT EXTRACTS / Harsha Vardhana S / Pharmacophore 2011, Vol. Boerhaavia erecta L. in mice, Amaranthus interruption, more likely with the alcohol than aqueous extracts. Murine Primary Splenocytes, Hepatoprotective (40) Hurst (1942) and Kingsbury (1964) both mention A. spinosus as a suspected poisonous plant. Antidiarrheal and antiulcer activity of Amaranthus spinosus in experimental animals / Zeashan Hussain et al / Summary Pharmaceutical Biology • October 2009, Vol. Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); seedling. Flora of China., St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Listed as casual in temperate regions of the country and as a weed elsewhere, Managed forests, plantations and orchards, Tropical monsoon climate ( < 60mm precipitation driest month but > (100 - [total annual precipitation(mm}/25])), As - Tropical savanna climate with dry summer, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in summer) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Aw - Tropical wet and dry savanna climate, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in winter) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Cf - Warm temperate climate, wet all year, Warm average temp. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. In cotton, it is ranked number one in Thailand, principal in Nicaragua and the USA, and as a common weed in Mozambique. In Thailand, augmentative releases of Hypolixus truncatulus have resulted in successful control. • Analgesic: Study evaluated various extracts of whole plant of A. spinosus for analgesic activity. (17) Malabar, Florida, USA: Krieger Publishing Company. vivo antimalarial activities of extracts from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Zuloaga FO; Morrone O; Belgrano MJ, 2008. Bracts of pistillate flowers lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, shorter than tepals, apex attenuate. Description: Amaranthus spinosus commonly known as the spiny amaranth, spiny pigweed, prickly amaranth or thorny amaranth is a plant native to the tropical Americas, but is present on most continents as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. (26) Urine analysis showed Na+, K+, and Cl- levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased with 250 and 500 mg/kg as rats treated with furosemide 15 mg/kg. Traditional Practices and Medicinal Plants Use during Pregnancy by Anyi-Ndenye Women (Eastern Côte d'Ivoire) / Djah F Malan* and Danho FR Neuba / African Journal of Reproductive Health March 2011; 15(1): 85 Genetics Global_description: Amaranthus spinosus is an erect, many-branched annual herb growing up to 1.5 m. (30) (2007) found pendimethalin on its own ineffective in pastures, but pendimethalin combined with mecocrop, mecocrop alone, or dicamba, gave good control.Biological Control New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 391 pp. Amaranthus spinosus / Synonyms / The Plant List Scientific names: Common names: Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Leaves are occasionally found for sale on markets. PIER, 2015. An aqueous extract showed dose-dependent anthelmintic activity against adult Indian earthworms Pheretima posthuma and Tubifex tubifex. by Non-Enzymatic Haemoglycosylation (Penilaian Aktiviti Antioksidan Amaranthus spinosus Linn., dengan, IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS ROOT EXTRACTS, The Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Amaranthus spinosus Leaf Extract and Study of Their Optical Properties*. Invasion of exotic weed seeds into Japan, mixed in imported feed grains. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). by Padua, L. S. de \Bunyapraphatsara, N. \Lemmens, R. H. M. Screening of Selected Ethno Medicinal Plants / Pharmacognosy • Anti-Inflammatory / Leaves: Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. (20) (19) Sydney, Australia: Department of Agriculture. / Jamaluddin Abu Taiab Md., Qais Nazmul, Ali Mirza Asif, Howlader Md. Davidse G, Sousa Sánchez M, Knapp S, Chiang Cabrera F, 2015. Natural insect enemies includes the pyralid Herpetogramma bipunctalis and the curculionid Conotrachelus seniculus. Wagner WI, Herbst DR, Sohmer SH, 1999. It is found in millet in the Philippines, coffee in Angola and El Salvador, and pineapples in the Philippines (Holm et al., 1991).Risk to LivestockA. ex Bercht. Systematic study to evaluate anti-diabetic potential of Amaranthus spinosus on type-1 and type-2 diabetes. *, Nnochiri Emmanuel C., Ugwu Okechukwu P.C. (33) For instance, it is a troublesome weed in agricultural areas, pastures, and orchards in Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Pacific region. Zuloaga FO, Morrone O, Belgrano MJ, 2008. Occasionally the plant may become a short-lived perennial [ 299 Protabase - … (5) (32) Amaranthus viridis is a ANNUAL growing to 0.5 m (1ft 8in). There was gastric anti-secretory effect with decreased gastric volume and acidity. • Anti-Gastric Ulcer / Leaves: Study evaluated the anti ulcer activity of leaves in aspirin induced English name: Spiny amaranth. 492-496 ; 10 ref. Kingsbury JM, 1964. • Effect on Kidney and Hematologic Parameters / Leaves: Study of methanol leaf extract suggest Leaves: petiole ± equaling or longer than blade; blade rhombic-ovate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 3-10(-15) × 1.5-6 cm, base broadly cuneate, margins entire, plane or slightly undulate, apex acute or subobtuse. (23) Urine volume was significantly increase (p<0.05), The diuretic effect was comparable to that of standard diuretic furosemide. Amaranthus spinosus is much-branched annual plant. Common name: spiny pigweed. Common names include: calaloo; needle burr; pigweed; prickly calaloo; prickly callau; prickly caterpillar; spiny amaranthus; spiny calaloo; spiny pigweed; sticker weed; thorny pigweed; wild callau. Results showed significant reduction of ulcer index induced by aspirin. Extracts of the plant Murraya paniculata inhibit seed germination of A. spinosus, giving potential for weed control. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur: (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay) ([English title not available])., USA: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 3348 pp. In vitro alpha-amylase inhibition and in vivo antioxidant potential of Amaranthus spinosus in alloxan-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats / B.S. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: University Press of Hawaii. Flora Mesoamericana., Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. It can be a serious weed of rice cultivation in Asia. by Keay R W J]. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Stock graze it (1, 5, 12), and in Ghana the Twi name nantwi bin (7) and in Sierra Leone the Temne name ka-ninkuna (5) both mean ‘cow dung’ and suggest a … https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov. (Amaranthus in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil)., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. In: Oceanic islands 2, 50 Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service. A single plant produces several hundred thousand seeds, a large proportion of which are fertile. Biocontrol News and Information, 18(1):11N-20N; 2 pp. In: Flora mesoamericana, Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Amaranthus spinosus L. Meaning_of_the_name: Amaranthus - derives from the greek word "amarantos" meaning immortal or unfading and "anthos" meaning flower, and refers to long lasting qualities of of the flower; spinosus: spiny. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2015. Canberra, Australia: ACIAR. (7) The chromosome number reported for A. spinosus is 2n = 34, 68 (Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2015). The root showed the highest activity which was comparable to that of omeprazole. (Plantas daninhas de Brasil, terrestres, aquaticas, parasitas, toxicas e medicinais.) A. spinosus is capable of growing on wet soils as well. J.]. A. spinosus is a host plant for tobacco mosaic virus, groundnut rosette virus, cucumber mosaic virus and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. Australia: CSIRO Publishing. Funk V; Hollowell T; Berry P; Kelloff C; Alexander SN, 2007. The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute. Chemical ControlA. Lemmens RHMJ; Bunyapraphatsara N, 1999. Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth); habit, showing characteristic spiny stems. Charles Darwin Foundation, 2008. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: Asian Pacific Weed Science Society, 595-596. At normal therapeutic doses, Amaranthus spinosus is considered safe for the treatment of liver problems. November 2006. Amaranthus spinosus is a potential blood supplement. Results showed the plant could be a source of bacterial agents. With minor exceptions its range extends from latitude 30°N to 30°S (Holm et al., 1991). It can also be consumed for nutritional purposes. > 0°C, dry summers, Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. • Anti-Gastric Ulcer / Roots: Study in albino rats showed significant anti-gastric ulcer in root, stem and leaves. The PLANTS Database. In those regions, it is also a serious environmental weed in disturbed sites, secondary forests, along forest edges, and around water troughs (Lemmens and Bunyapraphatsara, 1999; Motooka et al., 2003; PIER, 2015; PROTA, 2015; USDA-ARS, 2015). (38) LongevityA. It is in leaf from April to October, in flower from July to September, and the seeds ripen from August to … 278 pp. It is drought-resistant and can even grow under arid conditions. decreased blood glucose, comparable to glibenclamide. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. Thus, it is likely that it has been introduced accidentally as a contaminant in crop and pasture seeds and in agricultural machinery (PROTA, 2015; USDA-ARS, 2015). However, there was dose dependent reduction in RBC, hemoglobin, PVC, and MCHC and a significant increase in WBC and MCV at dose level of 1000 mg/kbw. The genetic variability of A. spinosus is great because of its large area of distribution and its wide ecological adaptation (PROTA, 2015). However, the spines may cause injury to the mouths of grazing animals and cases of poisoning in cattle have also been reported. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB15408. basiscissus Thell. PIER, 2015. Kurokawa S, 2001. Field evaluation of Phomopsis amaranthicola, a biological control agent of Amaranthus spp. Environmental Requirements May 2008. For example, Japanese authorities report A. spinosus as a contaminant of imported animal feed grains (Kurokawa, 2001). Amaranthus spinosus leaf extracts and its anti-inflamatory effects on cancer / S. Rajasekaran, M. G. Dinesh, Chandarasekharam Kansrajh, Fida Hussain Ahmed Baig / IJRPB 2(1); Jan-Feb 2014 991. 2 (5), 266-270 (22) ANTI PEPTIC ULCER ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF Amaranthus spinosus L. IN RATS / DEBIPRASAD GHOSH, PRASENJIT MITRA, TANAYA GHOSH AND PRASANTA KUMAR MITRA* / Mintage journal of Pharmaceutical & Medical Sciencesǀ52-53 Amaranthus spinosus L., Sp. Amaranthus spinosus / Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana), Toxicity Studies of Amaranth viridis Linn (Spiny Amaranth) Using Albino Rats, Anti-Fertility The results showed alcoholic Traditional vegetables in Ghana. (6) Ortiz-Ribbing L; Williams MM II, 2006. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A, 3(10):790-796. http://www.davidpublishing.com/show.html?14628. Amaranthus. Flora of West Tropical Africa, Volume 1, Part 1. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/Pakistan, Florence J; Chevillotte H; Ollier C; Meyer J-Y, 2013. (1) Kahului Airport, Maui, Hawaii, USA. Effects were attributed to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. There was further increase in gastric mucin. anti-hyperlipidemic and spermatogenic effects of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. MacKee HS, 1994. The root is known as an effective diuretic. Some tribes in India used A. spinosus to induce abortion (Lemmens and Bunyapraphatsara, 1999; PROTA, 2015). LI AND BI-FONG LIN / Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 2015. Analgesic activity of extracts of the whole plant of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Biological control of noxious pigweeds in Europe: a literature review of the insect species associated with Amaranthus spp. • Anthelmintic / Anti-Inflammatory: Study of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of whole plant showed dose-dependent and significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema. Wallingford, UK: CABI. Anti-inflammatory CSIRO handbook of Australian weeds. Higher doses significantly decreased plasma glucose levels (p<0.01 and p<0.001), hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity (p<0.01 and p<0.001), and increased hepatic glycogen content (p<0.01) with increases in hexokinase activity in both types 1 and 2 diabetic rats. Distribution and biology. J. of Life Sciences, 2017, Vol 5(4): 742-745 (27) spinosus is also used as forage and said to increase the yield of milk in cattle. (49) Galapagos, Ecuador: Charles Darwin Foundation, unpaginated. / Chaudhary MA, Imran I, Bashir S, Mehmood MH, Rehman NU, Gilani AH. A. spinosus is also used as a medicinal herb. (47) Most of the reports come from outside its range and are of non-specific organisms; some, however, may be sufficiently specific for potential biological control (Waterhouse, 1994; El-Aydam and Burki, 1997).A. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Additional Results suggest a potentially valuable substance for future nutraceutical and immunopharmacological use. > 10°C, Cold average temp. / doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000199 Amaranthus spinosus var. • Anti- Diabetic Potential / Leaves: Study evaluated the antidiabetic potential of A. spinosus leaves on type1 and type2 diabetes. It extends into the temperate zone in Japan and the USA. Volume 2. The photoperiodic response is day-neutral and the plant may flower at day lengths between 8 and 16 h. Overall optimum growth is obtained at a day length of 11-12 h, and it is in areas with such day lengths that the earliest and most abundant flowering takes place. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only). Chung Hsing University, Taichung , Taiwan http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html. • Immunomodulatory: Study of water extract of AS inhibited the spontaneous and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of splenocytes. Magazine / ISSN: 0973-1296 activity of Amaranthus spinosus in experimental animals. Amaranthus spinosus f. inermis Lauterb. Sources and Suggested Readings A. spinosus spreads by seeds. In: Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only). (21) Species across the genus contain concentric rings of vascular bundles, and fix carbon efficiently with a C4 photosynthetic pathway. The PLANTS Database. The weeds: description, ecology and control. Effect of Aqueous Extract of Amaranthus spinosus on Hematologivcal Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats / Bhande Satish S and Wasu Yogesh H / Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences /DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2016.4(1).116.120 (9) China: Agricultural Publishing House. Amaranthus spinosus (Calaloo) / Common names / ZipCodeZoo Botanical name: Amaranthus dubius and Amaranthus spinosus. Paris, France: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, unpaginated. Anti-inflammatory St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. (Pangnakorn and Poonpaiboonpipattana, 2013). Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only). For example, the seed of some types will germinate within a few days after harvest if held at a high temperature, whereas others require 4-5 months of storage before they will germinate. Like other amaranths, it produces large numbers of seeds, which can mature after the plant has been cut, and remain viable for long periods. In Korea, Lee et al. Balick MJ; Nee M; Atha DE, 2000. Paris, France: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. April 2012. Akum (Mag.) Germination is satisfactory in both light and dark (Holm et al., 1991). http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, PROTA, 2015. It is a problem weed principally around the Caribbean Sea, the west and south of Africa, around the Bay of Bengal and in East and South-East Asia from Japan to Indonesia. by Grubben GJH, Denton OA]. Catalogue of vascular plants of Bolivia. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP) (Botanical database of the Nadeaud Herbarium of French Polynesia). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization. A. spinosus is attacked by a number of natural enemies. • Phytochemicals / Betalains: Study of phenolic profile yielded betalains - amaranthine and isoamaranthine. Amaranthus spinosus var. 103 (2006) 236–240 / doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.006 The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a source of food and medicines. Stroud A, Parker C, 1989. and Ezea S.C / World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 2, Issue 6, 4371-4382. • Anti-Peptic Ulcer / Leaves: Study evaluated Lazarides M, Cowley K, Hohnen P, 1997. Antidepressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Amaranthus Spinosus / Ashok Kumar, B.S*, Lakshman, K, Velmurugan, C, Sridhar, S.M, Gopisetty Saran / Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Winter 2014, Vol 5, No 1 Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Post-emergence control can be obtained with acifluorfen alone or in combination with bentazone; lactofen alone, or 2,4-DB alone applied late post-emergence provided more than 80% control when rated early in the season (Grichar, 1994). (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). (41) Amaranthus cruentus; Amaranthus blitum; Amaranthus dubius; Amaranthus tricolor; Amaranthus viridis; How to Plant Amaranth. February 2005. (6) 10, Pages 932-939 Arun Kumard, B. Manoje, Vinod Kumard, D. Sheshadri Shekard / Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Volume 18, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 1–5 hypolipidemic effects and accelerated spermatogenesis by increasing For instance, it is a troublesome weed in agricultural areas, pastures, and orchards in Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Pacific region. / Spermatogenic: Study showed methanolic extract of AS significantly Pharmacological Actions and Phytoconstituents of Amaranthus spinosus Linn: A Review / Guria Tanmoy, Mondal Arijit, Singha Tanushree, Singh Jagadish, *Maity Tapan Kumar / International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2014; 6(2); 405-413 Misra R, 1969. Amaranthus spinosus L. (accepted name) / Chinese names / Catalogue of Life, China Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba. Antinociceptive activity of Amaranthus spinosus in experimental animals / Zeashan Hussain et al / Journal of ethnopharmacology • 2009, vol. Hurst E, 1942. June 2008. MacKee H S, 1994. Evaluation of Physiochemical, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening Parameters of Amaranthus spinosus Leaves, Biochemical alteration of methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus on liver of Sprague Dawley rats, Antidepressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Amaranthus Spinosus, COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF THREE PLANTS FROM THE AMARANTHACEAE FAMILY /, EFFECTS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LEAF ON SOME SELECTED KIDNEY AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN RATS, Anti Gastric Ulcer Activity of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Amaranthus spinosus var. (27) (Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP))., https://nadeaud.ilm.pf/. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Otherwise, results suggest spiny amaranth leaves have relatively low or no toxicity profile. Weed Technology, 8(2):199-202. vivo antimalarial activities of extracts from Amaranthus spinosus L. and G.Stuart) (see: Kolitis) (36) Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. Seeds are dispersed by wind, water and as a contaminant in crop and pasture seeds, farm machinery and farm products. Folk Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Skin Diseases in Bhadrak District of Odisha, IndiaÂ, Traditional Practices and Medicinal Plants Use during Pregnancy by Anyi-Ndenye Women (Eastern Côte d'Ivoire), Pharmacological Actions and Phytoconstituents of Amaranthus spinosus Linn: A Review, Biochemical Aspects of Superoxide Dismutase Isolated from Amaranthus spinosus: A Therapeutically Important Plant, Amaranthus spinosus leaf extracts and its anti-inflamatory effects on cancer, Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Amaranthus spinosus leaves, Ethno- Medical Uses of Plants in the Treatment of Various Skin Diseases in Ovia North East, Edo State, Nigeria, Potential Herbal Medicines and Drug Interactions, List Properties of Amaranthus spinosus Leaf Extract / Archives Results showed a linear dose relationship. (21) A native of tropical America and is found mainly in warm areas. Amaranthus spinosus L. Accepted name Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > Amaranthus spinosus L. Analgesic activity of extracts of the whole plant of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. (12) Toxicity Studies of Amaranth viridis Linn (Spiny Amaranth) Using Albino Rats / K. J. Umar, L. G. Hassan, S.M. Synonyms: Acistoma coccineum, Grislea punctate, Amaranthus caracasanus,Amaranthus diacanthus,Galliaria spinosa,Galliaria spitosa. AND *ONIGEMO M.A. Evaluation of gut modulatory and bronchodilator activities of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. In: Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos, Galapagos, Ecuador: Charles Darwin Foundation. Pl. Flora of Pakistan/Pakistan Plant Database (PPD). 2013 Feb 2;59 Suppl:OL1818-25. Waihee, Maui, Hawaii, USA. 991 1753 . Tropicos website. spiny amaranthus. Potential of Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi, as bioherbicides for several weedy Amaranthus species.