The timber is moderately heavy, strong and stable A. mangium appears to have a preference for slightly higher and drier sites than other Acacia species found in the same area, whereas A. auriculiformis prefers moister soils. A. mangium has been successfully planted on abandoned areas of shifting cultivation colonized by Imperata cylindrica grass, but it does not tolerate waterlogging and soils derived from ultrabasic rocks. In Thailand, farmers are now planting A. mangium and selling the produce to industry. The physical and mechanical properties of hybrid Acacia, produced from natural crossing between two introduced timber species (Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium) were studied. The tree has many small and light branches that can be Acacia hybrid (mangium x auriculiformis) A N of 14ºS; also recorded from New Guinea and the Kei Is., fide L.Pedley, Contrib. A biology of acacias. It has been successfully introduced in all parts of the state. The genus is subdivided into 3 subgenera. There are 101 citation in web searches related to Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. A. auriculiformis performs well on extremely infertile sand tailings and on heath soils. It is identified by narrow oblong lanceolate phyllodes and yellow catkin flowers. The density is (490-)560-1000 kg/m3at 15% moisture content; the density of plantation-grown wood of A. mangium can be as little as 450 kg/m3at 15% moisture content. NPK fertilization is generally applied in the nursery, but fertilization is stopped when "hardening off" the plants by reducing watering and exposing them to full sunlight. 1: South-east Asia, Northern Australia and the Pacific. Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Research, Bangkok. A. auriculiformis performs well on extremely infertile sand tailings and on heath soils. Acacia auriculiformis is increasingly used as timber in Benin, while little is known about its wood characteristics and the factors affecting such characteristics in the country. In India, its wood and charcoal are widely used for fuel. It can fix Nitrogen. Imperata cylindrica is a strong competitor on relatively wet sites with heavier soils. ex. is an important planting tree species, but little attention has been paid to its wood properties, such as shrinkage, stiffness, strength, and basic density, which are important for use in structural and appearance-grade timber applications. Acacia auriculiformis, llamado comúnmente acacia de vaina orejuda, es un árbol de rápido crecimiento de aspecto poco agraciado y retorcido de la familia Fabaceae. Acacia auriculiformis is an evergreen, unarmed tree growing up to 15 meter high, the trunk up to 12 meters long and 50 centimeters in diameter. The prevailing climate in these areas is usually strongly seasonal, with rainfall of less than 50 mm/month in June to October. Estimated to range from Subtropical Moist to Wet through Tropical Dry to Wet Forest Life Zones, Acacia auriculiformis is reported to tolerate annual precipitation of 7.5 to 27 dm, annual temperature of 26 to 30°C, and pH of 3.0 to 9.5. Many countries in South-East Asia have started research on breeding on a number of Acacia species. In Java, the mean annual increment of A. auriculiformis on relatively fertile soils is 15-20 m3/ha and on less fertile soils it is 8-12 m3/ha. [4] The trunk is crooked and the bark vertically fissured. The tree is us… Bark is gray or brown, smooth in young trees 1, Vol. Occurs on Cape York Peninsula, Qld, N of 17ºS, and in the N.T. For the production of seedlings, the pods should be processed as soon as possible after harvesting. Silvicultural schedules, especially those regarding the spacing, pruning and thinning and management of subsequent rotations, are not well known yet or at least are not well publicised. The first thinning is done when trees are about 9 m tall, i.e. Benth. 258 pp. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 4(3): 206-214. It is noted for attracting wildlife. It grows on a variety of soils such as … Akor (Acacia auriculiformis) is a species for producing wood energy. [6] In Acacia hybrid, there was no response to P application at thinning at age 2-to-3 years across a range of sites in Vietnam (Beadle, 2013). The germination rate is high, generally 75-90%, and germination is rapid, usually within one month (2-10(-35) days for A. mangium ). The hybrid’s branching behavior differs from A. mangiumand A. auriculi-formis. ex Benth., A. catechu (L.f.) Willd., A. mangium Willd. A good method is to pour seed into 5-10 times their volume of water at 100C and stir for 30 seconds (2 minutes for A. auriculiformis ). Fibres (0.9-)1.1-1.2(-1.3) mm long, non-septate, thin-walled to moderately thick-walled, with inconspicuous and simple to minutely bordered pits; tension-wood fibres common. is an important planting tree species, but little attention has been paid to its wood properties, such as shrinkage, stiffness, strength, and basic density, which are important for use in structural and appearance-grade timber applications. Boards 25 mm thick take about 3 months to air dry. Branchlets are angular and glabrous. The rotation here is 15-20 years. Seed may be sown in seed beds and pricked out 6-10 days after sowing; however, the recovery rate for A. mangium is only about 37%. It can fix Nitrogen. Planted to provide shelter on beaches and beachfronts. in Sabah in a plantation with an initial spacing of 3 m × 3 m canopy closure was achieved in one year). 106 pp. before 2 years of age. It is generally agreed that there are valid reasons for breaking it up into several distinct genera, but there has been disagreement over the way this should be done. A. auriculiformis wood contains 66% holocellulose, 35%α-cellulose, 31% lignin, 16% pentosan and 1.5% ash; the solubility is 9.7% in alcohol-benzene, 10.6% in hot water and 24.0% in alkali. Acacias for rural, industrial, and environmental development. A. mangium and A. auriculiformis flower more or less continuously. Dead or broken branches, wounds, and cankers indicate its presence. Characteristics, properties and uses of timbers. Other common diseases in nurseries are also found on young plants of A. mangium . These plantations are clear felled after 6-8 years. The acacia industry depends on a tree breeding program that has been supported by ACIAR for several decades. The future for the increased utilization of A. mangium wood for the production of particle board and medium-density fibreboard is promising, and the quality of wood chips for pulp and paper is satisfactory. In: de Wilde, W.J.J.O., Nooteboom, H.P. The optimum soil pH range is 4-6. It is executed after 18 months. The timber kiln dries rapidly but marked collapse may occur in early stages of seasoning; this can be remedied by reconditioning. The flowers are pollinated by Insects. Plantation-grown trees have been found promising for the production of unbleached kraft pulp and high-quality, neutral, sulphite semi-chemical pulp. Extensive seed collections have been made by CSIRO (Australia) from a range of Acacia species in Indonesia (Moluccas, Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea and in northern Queensland. The hot water is then drained off, cold water is added, and the seed is left to imbibe for 24 hours. Willdenow … Growing acacia timber produces wood for local and export industries, providing rural employment and cash income. It is excellent for turnery articles, toys, carom coins, chessmen and handicrafts. Acacia auriculiformis map Throughout India except Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh.
Throughout India except Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh. Pollen morphological characters support this division. The bark and wood contain abundant tannins, e.g. Survival after planting out is high: 60% for A. mangium planted in a windbreak in Imperata grassland, and over 90% when planted on more favourable sites. Fibre: The wood is extensively used for paper pulp. Apiculture: The flowers are a source of pollen for honey production. Bark is gray or brown, smooth in young trees, rough and vertically fissured with age. A beetle (Sinoxylon spp.) The thinning caried out in plantations for pulpwood production is aimed at achieving a final stock of 600-700 stems/ha from the 1250 trees/ha planted. Wood of A. mangium contains 78% holocellulose, 46.5%α-cellulose, 27% lignin, 14% pentosan and 0.2% ash; the solubility is 3.8% in alcohol-benzene, 3.3% in hot water and 13.4% in alkali. Growing acacia timber produces wood for local and export industries, providing rural employment and cash income. The hybrid A. mangium x A. auriculiformis appears to be very promising, as its characters and growth are superior to both parents. Only Phellinus noxius has been positively identified as causal organism. It also has associations with both ecto- and endo-mycorrhizal fungi. Unlike the stem of Acacia mangium, that of the Acacia hybrid has no angles or ribs (Darus and Ghani 1989, Kijkar 1992). TimberArgCount (Error) - Detects an incorrect number of arguments passed to a Timber call for the specified format string. Wood of the hybrid between these species from Sabah contains 79% holocellulose, 47%α-cellulose, 26.5% lignin, 13.5% pentosan and 0.6% ash; the solubility is 3.8% in alcohol-benzene, 2.5% in hot water and 13.9% in alkali. Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis are leguminous tree species of the sub-family Mimosoideae. Multipurpose Australian trees andshrubs. Gum from the tree is sold commercially, but it is said not to be as useful as gum arabic. It is hardy to zone (UK) 10 and is frost tender. Scientific Name: Acacia auriculiformis. 100 m field bund evenly divided as 4 (four) blocks and each block is treated as replication. Its phyllode is about 4–6 cm wide and 15–20 cm long, with four Proceedings of the second meeting of the Consultative Group for Research and Development of Acacias (COGREDA) held in Udorn Thani, Thailand, February 15-18, 1993. 153 pp. The bulk, about 60%, is only fit for pulpwood. Timber: The sapwood is yellow; the heartwood light brown to dark red, straight grained and reasonably durable. Akor has variety in seed size as many other tree species that may influence its seed quality. The flowers are pollinated by Insects. Estimated to range from Subtropical Moist to Wet through Tropical Dry to Wet Forest Life Zones, Acacia auriculiformis is reported to tolerate annual precipitation of 7.5 to 27 dm, annual temperature of 26 to 30 C, and pH of 3.0 to 9 Acacie (Fr). [6] El nombre deriva de la palabra griega, ακις (akis, espinas). Most Acacia species are fast growing and suitable for planting on Themeda and Imperata cylindrica grasslands (although the growth is not optimal under this condition) and sites degraded by logging. A. auriculiformis is a slower-growing species (Nghia, 2003); whether it will respond to P Parenchyma sparse to moderately abundant paratracheal, vasicentric, usually in prominent sheaths, 2-4 cells wide around the pores, tending to aliform particularly around the smaller pores, in 2-4-celled strands. This page was last modified on 11 April 2016, at 20:51. In Thailand the small fresh leaves are eaten, often with nam prik chili sauce or papaya salad. The application of 500-1000 ppm indolebutyric acid (IBA) or rooting powder enables 65-75% rooting to be achieved. Lesser known species for fuelwood and agroforestry. Sometimes the wood of Albizia may superficially resemble pale-coloured wattle, but it can easily be differentiated from wattle by more abundant parenchyma and, in some species, septate fibres; additionally, the density is lower. (Editors), 1993. It is caused by a wide variety of fungi, but can be overcome with the use of fungicide. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. ... Often cultivated for timber outside its native range, the tree has escaped from cultivation in many parts of the tropics and has become an invasive weed in some areas[303. Natural decay resistance of two fast growing timber species, Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. Natural regeneration of A. auriculiformis is also profuse and rapid after the mature stand has been felled. Ten logs of plantation grown14-15 year-old Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. The timber-producing species native in South-East Asia and northern Australia occur at low altitudes, on well-drained sandy, stony, or limestone soils, or on poorly drained floodplains and on the margins of swamps and mangroves. Growth rings indistinct to absent, but reportedly visible in wood from plantations of A. mangium in Thailand; vessels intermediate to large and distinct to the naked eye, evenly distributed; parenchyma not abundant, around pores, very occasionally in irregular bands; rays small, invisible to barely visible to the naked eye as individual rays, more conspicuous on radial surface particularly when extraneous materials abundant; ripple marks absent. A total The fragrant flowers are pollinated by insects such as bees. Acacia aulacocarpa; Acacia auriculiformis, also known as Darwin Black Wattle or northern black wattle;; Acacia concurrens; Acacia crassicarpa; Acacia decurrens, also known as Early Black Wattle; Acacia hakeoides, also known as Western Black Battle Heartwood formation varies significantly with provenance. A. auriculiformis coppices when cut more than 50 cm from ground level. Acacia auriculiformis seedling. Keywords: Acacia auriculiformis, growth, timber, carbon, soil type, West Africa. The spacing applied varies according to country and to the objective of the plantation, from 2 m × 2 m to 4 m × 4 m. Dense planting for the production of saw logs reduces the incidence of large branches and the inherent risk of infections. Pretreated seed can be sown, or may be dried immediately after the hot water treatment and then stored and transported. Usually, pruning is done twice; the second time, branches are pruned out further up the trunk, often to a height of 6 m. Pruning out branches with a diameter of 2 cm or more makes the trees susceptible to infections, especially heart rot. A mixture of peat (70-80%) and rice husks (30-20%) has been used successfully for A. mangium in Sumatra. Yamada, N., Khoo, K.C. One kg of A. mangium pods yields (16-)56-86 g of seed. In Sarawak, "pink disease" caused by Corticium salmonicolor is locally important and causes the crown to die. The considerable amount of growth data on A. mangium confirms that it can achieve a mean annual diameter increment of upto 5 cm and a height increment of up to 5 m in the first 4 or 5 years. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Flowers bisexual, or male and bisexual, actinomorphic, 4-5-merous, white or pale greenish to yellow; calyx and corolla connate, valvate; stamens many, free or united only at base; ovary solitary, superior, 1-celled, style filiform, stigma small. Seed procurement in high quality is needed for supporting the planting programme. Damping-off is the most serious disease in the nursery. The larvae of Zeuzera coffea (the red coffee borer) tunnel in young twigs and stems and are found on A. mangium and A. auriculiformis . Natural hybrids in Sabah, however, tend to inherit the poor stem form of A. auriculiformis . Seedling with epigeal germination; cotyledons borne above the soil level, petiolate, ear-shaped with flabellate venation; basic foliage sequence from pinnate to bipinnate to a phyllode. embarks on large scale production for commercial purposes,” Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation Newsletter,PERKASA (1/2), 4-6. 2000, et al In most countries in South-East Asia provenance trials for other species have been set up and preliminary results are available. The number of seeds/kg is 40 000-80 000 for A. aulacocarpa , 30 000-62 000 for A. auriculiformis , 15 000-40 000 for A. catechu , 35 000-50 000 for A. crassicarpa , 60 000-120 000 for A. leptocarpa , 32 500-37 500 for A. leucophloea , 63 000-189 000 for A. mangium and 66 000-80 000 for A. mearnsii . Ser. An extract of the heartwood is used medicinally and is sometimes chewed with betel ( Areca catechu L.). Benth trees were select ed for processing and converted into thirty wooden planks of the size 1,8-2,4 m length, 15-25 cm width and A. mangium flowers precociously and viable seed can be harvested 24 months after planting. It invades through branch wounds (e.g. However, in Malaysia phosphorus (P) appears to be the most important nutrient. Acacia Auriculiformis Seeds It is a native of New Guinea, North Australia and Queensland. For the production of seedlings, the pods should be processed as soon as possible after harvesting. The determination of these characteristics is necessary for understanding the functioning of this species and its uses. & Fortune Hopkins, H.C., 1992. In Sabah, 14-year-old A. mangium trees were 30 m tall and 40 cm in diameter. Persistent branches are pruned out only in plantations where the objective is to produce quality saw or veneer logs. A. auriculiformis is a slower-growing species (Nghia, 2003); whether it will respond to P application at thinning has not been examined. In the first year, the plantation should be protected from livestock as they browse the trees, and it should be weeded, taking particular care to remove climbers, creepers and vines. The mean annual increment over the 12-year rotation period of A. leucophloea is 9 m3/ha of stemwood (bole) and 11 m3/ha for wood over 7 cm diameter. (Editor), 1987. Sowing in germination trays ("wet-towel method"), and pricking out the seedlings 6-10 days after sowing when the radicle emerges, gives over 85% recovery. [2] Acacia auriculiformis has about 47 000 seeds/kg.[3]. Acacia auriculiformis was published in Hooker's London J. Bot. Por su parte, las hojas de este género vegetal están sobre los extremos de sus ramas, teniendo de un color verde azulado a plateado-grisáceo. Local names: English (white ball acacia,Prairie acacia,fernleaf acacia,fern acacia), Spanish (timbre,palo de pulque timbe,guajillo,cantemo,barba de chivo) Acacia angustissima grows as a thornless shrub or small tree mostly 2-7 m tall with a single short trunk. up to 40% on dry weight basis in the bark of A. mearnsii , making wattles commercially important for tanning sole leather. Vietnam has about two million hectares of acacia plantations, over half of which is owned and managed by smallholders. 1: 377 (1842). Nitrogen fixing: Acacia auriculiformis can fix nitrogen after nodulating with a range of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium strains. A. mangium is reported to grow 3 m tall in the first year in Sabah and Sumatra, and in the Philippines it reached an average height of 8.3 m and diameter of 9.4 cm after 2 years. It is hardy to zone (UK) 10 and is frost tender. Acacia auriculiformis is an evergreen Tree growing to 25 m (82ft) by 5 m (16ft) at a fast rate. Many other pests may become locally important and deserve attention, including control measures. Propagation and planting. Increased tree growth has been found with kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), upland rice and groundnut in Thailand; reduced growth with maize in Cameroon. pp. ACIAR Proceedings No 16. It is native to Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Acacia auriculiformis, commonly known as auri, earleaf acacia, earpod wattle, northern black wattle, Papuan wattle, and tan wattle, akashmoni in Bengali, is a fast-growing, crooked, gnarly tree in the family Fabaceae. Pods are about 6.5 x 1.5 cm, flat, cartilaginous, glaucous, transversely veined with undulate margins. A. leptocarpa is possibly very variable genetically, and selection of good provenances may easily raise the productivity in plantations. Seeds are transversely held in the pod, broadly ovate to elliptical, about 4-6 x 3–4 mm. The rates of shrinkage are fairly low to moderate: from green to 12% moisture content 1.0-1.4% radial and 2.3-4.2% tangential. ex Benth in Vietnam, which commenced in 1996, has focused to date on improving tree growth and stem straightness. Australian acacias in developing countries. The tree form of the latter hybrid is satisfactory where it inherits the better stem straightness of A. mangium and the self-pruning ability and better stem roundness of A. auriculiformis . The nailing and screwing properties are satisfactory. & Bolza, E., 1982. The beetle Sinoxylon anale (a branch and twig borer) is found on A. mangium , A. auriculiformis , A. catechu and other Acacia species in Thailand. The productivity of A. mangium in Kalimantan has been found to be closely related to "total" soil potassium (K) levels (The latter accounted for 50% of the variation in the data). ( P. noxius in the Philippines) and by Ganoderma spp., causing 29% mortality in Papua New Guinea after 5 years. It has been successfully introduced in all parts of the state. A.Cunn. It is identified by narrow oblong lanceolate phyllodes and yellow catkin flowers. INTRODUCTION Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing tropical species that grows naturally in Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia (Pinyopusarerk et al … ex Benth.. Click on "show more" to view them. RESUMEN Factores que determinan la productividad y captura de carbono de Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth. than the main stem of Acacia auriculiformis. Areas of timber forest plantation in Indonesia have increased to fulfil the demands of the timber and pulp industries, and to increase pulp export. Wattle wood is usually durable when exposed to the weather, but is not durable in contact with theground. Acacia Auriculiformis Seeds. Black wattle is the common name for a number of species of trees that are native to Australia, as listed below: . Scientific or Botanical Name Acacia auriculiformis Common Names Bengali Babul, auri, earleaf acacia, earpod wattle Several more have been introduced, mainly in the montane regions of Java. (Editors), 1993. Extracts of Acacia auriculiformis heartwood inhibit fungi that attack wood. In 1983, the trial plantations of the Acacia were established and people found that the A. auriculiformis and A. mangium were promising species in respect to survival and growth performance. Devasahayam, S. & Rema, J. Classification of the genus Acacia (in the wider sense) has been subject to considerable debate. Straight-stemmed A. auriculiformis trees have been found in Papua New Guinea and Sabah, however, the trunks of most trees of this species are crooked. Attack on trees is primary, regardless of wound or decay, and damage is greatest in dry plantation sites after the old forest has been cleared, and on low-lying moist sites. Seeds in 1 row, usually elliptical to oblong, more or less flattened; testa hard; funicle usually without an aril. international trials of Acacia species and provenances (Kha, 2003; Luangviriyasaeng & Pinyopusarerk, 2002; Nor Ainiet al., 1994; Yang & Zeng, 1991) have shown that Acacia auriculiformis is a useful multipurpose - tree species, being fast-growing and suitable for timber and pulp production (Nghia, 2003; Turnbull et al., 1997). The timber hybrid Acacia is of medium dense having specific gravity 0.56 at green condition which is less than that of teak (Tectona grandis). In tests in Australia using the sulphate process, wood chips of A. mangium from a 9-year-old plantation required only moderate amounts of alkali to yield in excess of 50% of screened pulp with excellent paper-making properties. Foundation Flora Malesiana, Leiden. Untended stands of 9-year-old A. mangium in Sabah had an annual increment of 46 m3/ha. It provides very good charcoal that glows well with little smoke and does not spark. acacia species are used in various ways, such as erosion control, plantation and community forestry, production of fuel wood, pulp for papermaking, construction and furniture timber, and as tannin for leather making. Awang, K. & Taylor, D.A. Leaves arranged spirally, bipinnate and consisting of many opposite, sessile or short-stalked leaflets, or a phyllode made up of a flattened petiole and the proximal part of the rachis; extrafloral nectaries usually present on petiole and rachis; stipules present, spinescent or not. The exceptions are several tropical species (including A. auriculiformis and A. mangium ) found in areas of high rainfall in northern Australia, New Guinea and adjacent islands. Keating, W.G. (1991) Accacia seeds-A new food source for birds at Calicut. The hybrid's height and diameter increments are significantly better. 1-226. Materials and methods A total of 56 A. mangium, 14 A. auriculiformis, and Tropical Acacias in East Asia and the Pacific. Acacia is a Heartwood pale pinkish-brown to dark brown, sometimes olive-brown to grey-brown, clearly demarcated from the pale yellow to straw-coloured sapwood which is up to 60 mm wide in A. auriculiformis , narrower in other species. ex Benth. A. mearnsii and A. auriculiformis are generally outcrossing, and have estimated outcrossing rates of 67-89% and 93%, respectively. Comments: So named (both the Latin auriculiformis and the English Keywords: Acacia auriculiformis, basic density, fiber length, fiber length increment, compressive strength, core wood, outer wood. Flowers are 8 cm long and in pairs, creamy yellow and sweet scented. Erosion control: Its spreading, superficial and densely matted root system makes A. auriculiformis suitable for stabilizing eroded land. [2] In Thailand the small fresh leaves are eaten, often with nam prik chili sauce or papaya salad. 316 pp. Title World Agroforesty Centre Publication Author Inkata Press, Melbourne, Sydney and London. The wood is tough and resilient and particularly suitable for axe handles and sports equipment. The final yield of undried bark in this plantation was 15 400 kg/ha, and an additional 8800 kg/hawas obtained from thinnings. Acacia species are pioneers and demand full light for good development; in shade A. mangium grows stunted and spindly. ex Benth. The trees are also planted in fire-breaks and wind-breaks, for shade, soil protection, and as ornamentals. Common Name(s): Earpod wattle, earleaf acacia, northern black wattle. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Forestry Department recently suspended the planting of A. mangium , pending an evaluation of the impact of heart rot. Its phyllode is about 4–6 cm wide and 15–20 cm long, with four veins similar to those of Acacia mangium, with the vein on the outer edge of the crescent difficult to see. In general, a mean annual increment of 10-25 m3/ha can be expected for this species. in Herbarium Amboinense 3:123, t.81 (1750) but transferred to Acacia by C.L. Also used for furniture, joinery, tool handles, and for construction if trees of suitable girth are available. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 22(3): 343–351 (2010) Yahya R et al. Plants in the nursery do not need to be inoculated with Rhizobium , because nodulation is prolific; however, the seedlings should be checked for the presence of active nitrogen-fixing root nodules prior to planting. Acacia auriculiformis map Throughout India except Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh.
Throughout India except Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh. Texture fine to medium, even; streaky figure sometimes evident due to darker coloured streaks, wood lustrous. 196 pp. Optimal growth is achieved most effectively if vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi such as Glomus fasciculatus and Gigaspora margarita are present in combination with Rhizobium . (SCAR) markers in Acacia auriculiformis. Queensland Herb.18: 17 (1975), and parts of Indonesia between 11ºS and 17ºS. In 1983, the trial plantations of the Acacia were established and people found that the A. auriculiformis and A. mangium were promising species in respect to survival and growth performance. Its wood is good for making paper, furniture and tools. ENH163 Acacia auriculiformis: Earleaf Acacia1 Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean2 1. A. auriculiformis in Papua New Guinea reached 6 m height and 5 cm diameter in 2 years, in Malaysia it reached 9-12 m height after 3 years on clay soils and 6 m height on nutrient-poor sandy soils; in Sabah the growth rate is comparable to A. mangium . The international trade in wattle timber is relatively small. Recently, A. auriculiformis has been tried in mixtures with the latter species in order to produce Acacia fuel-wood on short rotations and Dalbergia timber on longer rotations Larvae of Sternocera aequisignata (the green-leg flat-headed borer) bore at root collars and can kill trees in the nursery; this pest is especially destructive during the first 2 years after planting. & Kalkman, C. (Editors): Flora Malesiana. Silica absent. Scientific or Botanical Name Acacia auriculiformis Common Names Bengali Babul, auri, earleaf acacia, earpod wattle However, early growth of A. leucophloea is slow, and the mean annual diameter increment of A. catechu in Thailand is only 0.8-1.3 cm. The wood has a high basic density (500–650 kg/m³), is fine-grained, often attractively figured and finishes well. A. mangium plantations are felled for pulpwood 6-8 years after planting; for sawn timber the rotation is 15-20 years. Timber ships with embedded lint rules to detect problems in your app. Within the Malesian region 29 species occur native or naturalized. There is little experience with bare-root planting stock, but in the Philippines plantations have been succesfully established using this technique. Excised shoots longer than 0.5 cm root easily in a humidified rooting chamber. Little attention has been paid to important properties of wood such as basic density, shrinkage, bending stiffness and strength, which determine suitability for specific end-use applications. [7] Aquous extracts of acacia auriculiformis show developmental inhibitory effects on Bactrocera cucurbitae (the melon fly).[8]. Nielsen, I.C. It has dense foliage with an open, spreading crown. Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis are major fast-growing plantation Lee and Woo 1977 species used not only for pulp and timber production but for multi-purposes in the tropical Asia region. Acacia auriculiformis is an evergreen tree that grows between to 15–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 12 m long and 50 cm in diameter. The wood takes a good polish. The appropriate height for planting is 25-40 cm, when seedlings have been in the nursery for 9-16 weeks. A gum produced by the stem or the roots is also used in local medicine. Natural hybrids have been found between A. auriculiformis and A. leptocarpa and between A. mangium and A. auriculiformis (8% hybrids in an A. mangium research plot in Peninsular Malaysia). & Mohd. In Papua New Guinea, plantations grown on a 7-8-year rotation for pulpwood are not thinned. However, no definitive pruning and thinning schedules have yet been established for A. mangium and other schedules are also applied. This paper reports the development of sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) markers and their multiplexing for easy, fast and robust identification in Acacia auriculiformis. There are no specific requirements for the type of substrate; mixtures of topsoil, peat, old sawdust, rice husks, sand and vermiculite are used. A. mearnsii trees are harvested when 8 years old, with the main objective of collecting the bark for tannin production, whereas A. auriculiformis is harvested after 10-12 years and A. leucophloea after 12 years. Its phyllodes provide a good, long-lasting mulch. Coptotermes curvignathus (a termite found in Sumatra, Malaysia and Thailand) feeds on young seedlings' roots or stems near ground level and penetrates to the heartwood. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 31 (1 & 2): 12-13, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19891902A19997222.en, Purdue University Horticulture department, "Growing Process of Tropical Trees-(Compiled Version)", Active antifungal substances from natural sources, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Satwinder_Sohal/publication/260404120_Development_inhibitory_effect_of_Acacia_auriculiformis_extracts_on_Bactrocera_cucurbitae_Coquillett_DipteraTephritidae/links/546b893c0cf2f5eb180920d6/Development-inhibitory-effect-of-Acacia-auriculiformis-extracts-on-Bactrocera-cucurbitae-Coquillett-DipteraTephritidae.pdf. Two species native to northern Australia and New Guinea, Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis, and their hybrids, account for over 99% of this area. Native to north Queensland, Australia, the trees are also found in Papua New Guinea and the Moluccas Islands of Indonesia. Uninoculated seedlings died after 2 years in degraded grasslands. Even pure peat with a pH of 3.1 presented no problems. Only a small portion of the total amount could be used as saw or veneer logs. Wood chips of plantation-grown A. mangium are exported to Japan from Papua New Guinea, and small quantities of A. mangium timber are exported from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, for instance to Taiwan. 11. pp. Provenances from Papua New Guinea consistently show better growth in height and diameter, and the form is also superior. Some Rhizobium strains are more effective in promoting growth than others. Two species native to northern Australia and New Guinea, Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis, and their hybrids, account for over 99% of this area. Ex. Ornamental: It is used for shade and ornamental purposes in cities where its hardiness, dense foliage and bright yellow flowers are positive attributes. It grows up to 30m tall. Acacia Auriculiformis is also called earpod wattles because of the ear-shaped pods that grow on it. The high incidence of heart rot in Peninsular Malaysia might be the result of the absence of high seasonality in rainfall. Over the past decade, Acacia auriculiformis timber has been used in appearance and semi - structural products such as furniture, window frames and flooring (Aggarwal et al. Proceedings of an international workshop held at the Forestry Training Centre, Gympie, Queensland, Australia, 4-7 August 1986. so as to become new source of raw material for the timber industry. At Kozhikode (Kerala, India), flocks of jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), grey-headed myna (Sturnia malabarica) and red whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) have been observed to feed on the seeds with the aril that are exposed when the pods are split. In North Sumatra, one enterprise plants 16 000 ha annually and in South Sumatra 300 000 ha of forest land is planned to be planted, predominantly with A. mangium . Nor Mohd. National Academy Press, Washington D.C. 62 pp. caused by pruning) and is also known as white rot, as the affected wood becomes whitish, spongy or fibrous and is surrounded by a dark stain. Inflorescences consisting of pedunculate glomerules or spikes borne in axillary clusters or aggregated into terminal panicles. timber species Swietenia spp and Dalberiga latifolia. Growth rings indistinct or absent, sometimes poorly defined growth zones evident. bhd. Prismatic crystals in chambered parenchyma strands. The mean annual increment of an 8-year-old plantation of A. mearnsii in Java is 11 m3/ha, and an additional 7 m3/ha from thinnings. Acacia can be propagated from seed (direct sowing or in the nursery), and by air layering, cuttings, grafting and tissue culture. Species studied: A. aulacocarpa , A. auriculiformis , A. crassicarpa , A. decurrens (Wendl.) Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Roots are shallow and spreading. Heart rot is the most serious disease of A. mangium in plantations. It is mostly resistant to termite attack, but A. auriculiformis wood can be attacked by the root fungus Ganoderma lucidum and is liable to marine borer attack. Turnbull, J.W., Skelton, D.J., Subagyono, M. & Hardiyanto, E.B., 1983. The natural occurrences in western Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya are mainly on … Another option is direct sowing in containers (polythene bags, open-ended hanging pots called "root trainers" or other permanent pots) followed by pricking out to maintain one seedling per container. Other products: An edible mushroom, Tylopylus fellus, is common in plantations of A. auriculiformis in Thailand. Root rot is caused by Phellinus spp. In each replication total four different treatments were randomly distributed. This acacia was originally described as Mangium montanum Rumph. The insect is of concern, because the tree will develop multiple leaders if the main stem is damaged and the length of the bole will be reduced. can girdle young stems and branches, causing them to break. The wood is easy to work with all tools, but boards of A. auriculiformis tend to split when sawn. In Thailand, preliminary results from research indicate that A. crassicarpa may prove to be a very valuable species for industrial plantations. Shade or shelter: The dense, dark-green foliage, which remains throughout the dry season, makes it an excellent shade tree. The pantropical subgenus Aculeiferum Vassal has non-spinescent stipules but the internodes are armed with prickles. 1. A su vez, las hojas presentan un pulvínulo, pudiendo s… Acacia trees are renowned for their robustness and adaptability, which makes them good plantation species. These birds also probably help in dispersal of seeds.[5]. They are especially injurious to one-year-old seedlings or small saplings in nurseries and plantations. It attacks A. mangium and A. auriculiformis in Thailand. Soil improver: Plantations of A. auriculiformis improve soil physio-chemical properties such as water-holding capacity, organic carbon, nitrogen and potassium through litter fall. Reclamation: The spreading, densely matted root system stabilizes eroding land. It contains tannin useful in animal hide tanning. Pulp yields were even higher (up to 75%) with the neutral sulphite semichemical process, and the pulp was readily bleached to brightness levels acceptable for use in fine papers. They are initially straight but on maturity become twisted with irregular spirals. Acacia auriculiformis from Leguminosae family … Damage by pests and diseases is minor. It is a native of New Guinea, North Australia and Queensland. It is not possible to regenerate from coppice for the second generation, as the coppice shoots do not develop to tree size. In Indonesia, growth rate has been impaired by a rust fungus, Uromyces digitatus; in India, root rot caused by a fungus (Ganoderma lucidum) has been reported. This document is ENH163, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. The mainly African and American subgenus Acacia is characterized by its spinescent stipules. Willd., A. mangium , A. mearnsii . Fabaceae. The tree is used to make an analgesic by indigenous Australians. Only A. aulacocarpa coppices well and suckers from its roots. A. mangium is very responsive to extra growing space. Cookies help us deliver our services. Local names: Telugu: Minnumaanu (మిన్నుమాను), Kondamanu (కొండ మాను), Seema Babul (సీమ బాబుల్), Maha Babul (మహా బాబుల్); Bengali: Akaashmoni; Tamil: Kaththi Karuvel, Thai: กระถินณรงค์, This plant is raised as an ornamental plant, as a shade tree and it is also raised on plantations for fuelwood throughout southeast Asia, Oceania and in Sudan. Its wood is good for making paper, furniture and tools. Most of the species are found on the Southern Hemisphere and the main centre of diversity is located in Australia and the Pacific. It primarily bores into sapwood of cut logs or into diseased and weak poles, but occasionally it tunnels into shoots and young stems to feed. Moreover, it has intermediate physical and mechanical wood properties (better than A. mangium ) and it also appears to be more resistant to heart rot. The explants for tissue culture are 2-3 mm lengths of aseptically-germinated one-month-old seedlings and the optimum induction of multiple shoots is achieved in a Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of benzylamino purine (BAP). Smallholder farmers’ choices of tree species in the Gunungkidul region have been limited by lack of management information. Acacia is easily distinguishable from other genera of the subfamily Mimosoideae by its many stamens which are free or united only at the base. Measurements of the diameter at breast height provide sufficiently accurate and reliable yield estimates in A. mangium plantations. Acacia auriculiformis is an evergreen Tree growing to 25 m (82ft) by 5 m (16ft) at a fast rate. The mechanical properties of A. leucophloea wood from Indonesia have been tested at 14% moisture content, with the following results: the modulus of rupture 85-86 N/mm2, modulus of elasticity 10 340-10 780 N/mm2, compression parallel to grain 51.5-53.5 N/mm2and shear 8-10.5 N/mm2. The heartwood of earpod wattle is light brown to dark red in color and features a relatively durable and straight and fine grain with an attractive figure. A natural dye, used in the batik textile industry in Indonesia, is also extracted from the bark. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acacia_auriculiformis&oldid=942780833, Taxa named by Allan Cunningham (botanist), Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 February 2020, at 20:07. Click on "show more" to view them. For the production of tannin from A. mearnsii in Java the initial 3300 trees/ha are thinned heavily to the final stocking of 275 trees/ha at the age of 8 years, when the plantation is harvested. It is recommended to saw the comparatively heavy wood of A. catechu when green. A large international provenance trial has been set up for A. mangium , involving 24 provenances tested in 19 sites in 8 countries. Even on poor sites a mean annual increment of 20 m3/ha is often achieved. Acacia is a large genus with over 1300 species, which is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics. Acacia: nombre genérico derivado del griego ακακία (akakia), que fue otorgado por el botánico Griego Pedanius Dioscorides (A.C. 40-90) para el árbol medicinal A. nilotica en su libro De Materia Medica.